施氮肥对落叶松和水曲柳人工林土壤动物群落的影响  

Effects of nitrogen addition on soil fauna communities in Larix gmelinii and Fraxinus mandshurica plantations

作　　者：庄海峰[1] 孙玥[1] 谷加存[1] 许旸[1] 王政权[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生物多样性》2010年第4期390-397,429-430,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(30130160);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(DL09BA07)

摘　　要：土壤动物对环境变化反应敏感,全球变化导致土壤氮(N)有效性增加将影响土壤动物群落结构和功能。本文以落叶松(Larix gmelinii)和水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)人工林为研究对象,通过施肥处理,在不同季节和土层取样,研究土壤N有效性增加对土壤动物的数量、类群数和不同功能团的影响。结果表明:(1)施肥影响两林分土壤动物密度,导致当年密度增加,翌年则下降,这种先增加后降低的趋势在不同土层中均表现出来;(2)施肥增加了两林分土壤动物类群数,其中落叶松林分从34类增加到43类,水曲柳林分从43类增加到48类;(3)施肥改变了两林分不同食性土壤动物的密度,腐食性土壤动物数量降低、植食性数量增加、捕食性数量变化不明显。这些结果说明:土壤N有效性增加显著影响两林分土壤动物群落结构,可能改变地下碳分配格局和养分循环过程。Soil fauna play a key role in regulating carbon allocation and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.As soil fauna are sensitive to environmental changes,increases in soil nitrogen（N） availability resulting from global changes may profoundly influence the structure and function of soil faunal communities.However,the response of soil fauna in forest ecosystems to increases in soil N availability is still poorly understood.In order to explore the relationship between soil N availability and soil fauna,we examined the effects of N addition on the density,grouping and feeding habits of soil fauna in larch（Larix gmelinii） and ash（Fraxinus mandshurica） plantations in northeastern China from 2008 to 2009.Our results showed that N addition changed the structure of soil fauna communities in both plantations.After N addition in the larch plantation,densities of soil fauna in surface soil layers（0-10 cm） increased by an average of 12%（July） and 15%（October） in 2008,whereas they decreased by 22%（May） and 20%（July） in 2009.A similar pattern occurred in the ash plantation—densities increased by an average of 14%（July） and 8%（October） in 2008,and decreased by 22%（May） and 9%（July） in 2009.In contrast,densities of soil fauna in subsurface layers（10-20 cm） increased in both plantations only in July of 2008 and then decreased significantly（25% in larch and 21% in ash） in following samples.The number of soil faunal groups increased from 34 to 43 in the larch plantation and from 43 to 48 in the ash plantation post N addition.In both plantations,N addition altered the densities of soil fauna with different feeding habits,with a decrease in soil detritivores and an increase in soil herbivores and no change in soil predators.These findings indicated that increasing soil N availability significantly altered the density,and community composition in terms of feeding habits,of soil fauna in both plantations,thereby potentially influencing belowground carbon allocation and nutri

关 键 词：施N肥 土壤动物密度 类群数 食性 土钻法 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]