塔中地区土壤风蚀的影响因子分析  被引量:20

Impact factors of soil wind erosion in Tazhong Area

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作  者:何清[1,2] 杨兴华[1,2] 艾力.买买提明 刘新春[1,2] 

机构地区:[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆库尔勒841000

出  处:《干旱区地理》2010年第4期502-508,共7页Arid Land Geography

基  金:国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAC40B05-01);国家自然科学基金项目(40775019);新疆维吾尔自治区科技攻关项目(200833119);中国气象局新技术推广项目(CMATG2010M29);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IDM2006002;IDM200807)

摘  要:以塔中地区为例,利用野外观测数据和通过对比分析,论述了气候、地表粗糙度(包括植被覆盖)以及地表土壤特性等因子对土壤风蚀的影响,并对这些影响因子进行了量化研究。结果表明:塔中地区的年平均风蚀气候因子指数C为28.3,从季节分布上来说,夏季最大为13.9,冬季最小仅为0.7,C值与风速有着密切的指数关系;塔中地区的地表粗糙度Z0平均为6.32×10-5m,地表粗糙度小,加重了该地区的土壤风蚀程度;塔中地区的土壤类型特点、地表土壤平均粒径小、缺乏植被覆盖以及地表土壤含水率低为该地区土壤风蚀的发生提供了良好的条件。塔中地区土壤风蚀的现状是该地区气候、地表粗糙度以及地表土壤特性等因子共同作用的结果。The development and progress of soil wind erosion is effected by the factors of climate, soil, terrain and vegetation. This paper takes the Tazhong Area, Qiemo County, Xinjiang, as an example, using field observation data and according to the comparative analysis, the impacts on soil wind erosion are caused by climate, surface roughness length (including vegetation cover) and surface soil properties are discussed. In addition, the paper carried out a quantitative research on these impact factors. The results are as follows: the average annual wind erosion climatic factor index C is 28.3, among which the value of C in the summer is maximum for 13.9, which in the winter is minimum only for 0.7, and the value of C has a very good exponential relationship with wind speed in Tazhong Area. In this area, the surface roughness length is relatively small with the mean value of 6.32 × 10^-5 meters, which aggravates the degree of soil wind erosion. The characteristics of soil types, average particle size of surface soil, and lack of vegetation cover and moisture content of surface soil have provided good conditions for soil wind erosion. The present situation of soil wind erosion is the result from the common action of climate, surface roughness length and surface soil properties.

关 键 词:塔克拉玛干沙漠 地表粗糙度 粒径 含水率 土壤风蚀 

分 类 号:S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]

 

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