描述草地资源与草食动物分布的扩散模型Ⅲ  

Dispersal Models for Describing Grassland Resources and the Distribution of Grazing Animals Ⅲ

作　　者：王玮明[1,2] 李镇清[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学基础部 [2]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》1999年第1期179-185,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金

摘　　要：草地资源与资源利用者——草食动物的时、空格局及其保持和发展机制，以及对种群和生态系统动态所生产的影响一直是草原生态学研究的主要课题之一，也是草地农业生态学中一切问题的核心．针对草地上草食动物（家畜）种群空间格局的三种主要类型：辐射型、带型和缀块型，利用随机过程、微分方程的理论和方法，研究了两个同类资源点之间的草地上草食动物的分布．建立了描述草地资源与草食动物时空分布的扩散模型，这类模型不仅可以通过极限分布反映动物空间格局长期发展的最终结果，而且通过随机过程的时间变量ｔ还可描述动物空间格局发生、发展过程．在这些研究的基础上探论了草地上草食动物空间格局发生、发展的内在机制，为草原管理提供科学的理论依据．The fundamental themes in this grassland ecological study are the development and maintenance of spatial and temporal pattern of grassland and its users grazing animals, and the consequences of that pattern for the dynamics of populations and ecosystems, which also are the central problems of all problems in grassland agricultural ecology. Radial type pattern is one of the main types of spatial patterns of grazing animals on grassland. As animals graze out from the resource point and they must return at regular intervals to utilize the resources, the dispersal model that describes the animals distribution between two resource points was established. Its limited distribution could describe not only the consequences of development of spatial pattern for a long term, but also the processes of formation and development of animals spatial patterns by temporal variable t of stochastic process. This paper gave the distribution of animals in each circular ring with the same center, and also gave the maximal domain of animals distribution. Based on these studies, the intrinsic mechanism of spatial and temporal patterns of grazing animals was discussed.

关 键 词：草地资源 草食动物 空间格局 扩散模型 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]