急性肾功能衰竭的流行病学状况  

Clinical epidemiology analysis of acute renal failure

作　　者：黄莉[1] 徐瑾[2] 廖蕴华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学第一附属医院,南宁530021 [2]广西医科大学第三附属医院

出　　处：《山东医药》2010年第29期4-6,共3页Shandong Medical Journal

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生厅科研课题项目(Z2007087)

摘　　要：目的探讨急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）的流行病学状况,为该疾病的诊治及预防提供依据。方法回顾性分析2003~2006年收治的611例ARF患者的临床资料,观察ARF的发生状况、病因构成及预后特点。结果611例ARF患者中,医院获得性ARF（HA-ARF）78例,社区获得性ARF（CA-ARF）533例。HA-ARF发病率2003~2005年呈上升趋势,引起HA-ARF的病因依次是肾性、肾前性、肾后性因素;与手术相关的HA-ARF占29.49%,以心血管手术更为突出。HA-ARF患者合并多器官功能障碍综合征比例及其病死率较CA-ARF高（分别为52.6%vs19.9%,P〈0.05;39.7%vs 11.3%,P〈0.05）。肾后性因素特别是结石导致CA-ARF的发生率较HA-ARF高（15.8%vs 11.3%,P〈0.05）。结论药物性肾损害是引起肾实质性ARF的首位病因,尿路结石是引起肾后性CA-ARF的首位病因,心血管手术相关HA-ARF的防治亦非常重要。Objective To investigate the epidemiology of acute kidney injure（ARF） patients for the evidence of treatment and prevention.Methods Six hundred and eleven ARF patients treated in hospital from 2002 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively,according to the epidemiology,etiology and prognosis of ARF.Results In 611 ARF patients,hospital-acquired ARF（HA-ARF） patients were 78 cases,community-acquired ARF（CA-ARF） patients were 533 cases.The incidence of HA-ARF increased from 2003 to 2005.The etiological factor of HA-ARF were renal parenchymal ARF,pre-renal ARF,post-renal ARF by turn.29.49% of HA-ARF patients was caused by operation,specially heart operation.The coincidence of patient complicated with MODS was higher in HA-ARF than that in CA-ARF（52.6% vs 19.9%,P0.05）.The mortality of HA-ARF was highter than that of CA-ARF（39.7% vs 11.3%,P0.05）.The incidence of post-renal CA-ARF caused by renal stone was higher than that of HA-ARF（15.8% vs 11.3%,P0.05）.Conclusions The drug is the main cause of parenchymal ARF.Renal stone is the main cause of post-renal CA-ARF.It is impotant to prevent HA-ARF caused by heart operation.

关 键 词：肾功能衰竭 急性 医院获得性 肾功能衰竭 急性 社区获得性 流行病学 

分 类 号：R692.5[医药卫生—泌尿科学]