山区农户林业相关生计活动类型及影响因素  

On Rural Households' Forestry-related Livelihood Choice in the Mountainous Areas in West of China and Influencing Factors

作　　者：黎洁[1] 李树茁[1] 费尔德曼[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院人口与发展研究所,陕西西安710049 [2]美国斯坦福大学Morrison人口与资源研究所

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第8期8-16,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:70773094);国家"985工程"二期建设项目(编号:07200701);美国斯坦福大学;美国大自然保护协会;世界自然基金会"人口动态性;农户生计选择与环境"项目(编号:19626340);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(项目编号:IRT0855)资助

摘　　要：农户如何利用森林资源、发展林业情况是实现森林丰富地区农户生计改善和森林资源保护的关键。本文通过对西安周至县南部4个山区乡镇20个行政村1 074个农户的问卷调查,发现当地存在着4种与林业相关的生计活动类型,即:林业专业化、林业补充型、林业依赖型和生计多样化,该4种类型的农户在家庭人口数、初中以上受教育程度的人数、非农收入、户纯收入、贫困发生率等方面存在着显著差异。同时,被调查农户发展生计多样化出现了收入的两极分化,林业专业化农户的收入水平和消费状况总体上要好于生计多样化型农户。采用Multinomial Logit模型对农户林业相关生计活动类型选择的影响因素的分析发现,家庭劳动力数量、女性比例、是否参与退耕、土地林地面积、家庭社会网络等对农户选择不同的林业生计类型有着显著影响。基于实证研究的结果,本文认为应提高农户的人力资本、培育农村社区组织、提高其治理能力等。How to utilize the forest resource and develop forestry is very important to realize the rural household livelihood improvement and forest conservation. By the survey of 1 074 rural households in 20 administrative villages in the four southern mountainous towns in the Zhouzhi County, Xian City, the paper finds there are four forestry-related livelihood activities in the survey site, viz. forestry specified, forestry complementary, forestry dependent and diversified livelihood. There are significant differences of the household members, non-farming income, net household income, and poverty incidence rate, et al. among the four types of households. Income polarization exists among the diversified households. Generally, the income and expenditure of forestry specified households are better than those of the diversified households. From the multinomial logit model results, we find that the household labor, female ratio, participating the Slopping l.and Conversion Program, forest and amble land, and household social networks have significant impacts upon local households＇ choices of the forestry-related livelihood activities. Then the paper proposes some suggestions such as increasing the human capitals, and improving community organizations, et al.

关 键 词：非林木森林产品 林业专业化 生计多样化 社区凝聚力 

分 类 号：F307.2[经济管理—产业经济]