城市边缘区土地利用景观格局变化分析  

Analysis on the Landscape Patterns Change of Land Use in Urban Fringe Area: A Case Study in Daxing District of Beijing

作　　者：唐秀美[1,2] 陈百明[1] 路庆斌[3] 方琳娜[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [4]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第8期159-163,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划子课题(编号:2008BAB38B02-3);国家自然科学基金(编号:70673097)资助

摘　　要：以北京市大兴区为例,以1993、20012、007年3期土地利用图为基础,对城市边缘区的土地利用景观格局变化情况进行了分析。首先对3期土地利用图进行统计分析,得到了各类土地利用类型的面积变化情况,在此基础上,利用景观格局分析软件FRAGSTAS分别计算三个时期土地利用图的景观指数。结果表明:①大兴区的景观类型主体是耕地和建设用地。从1993-2007年,大兴区的土地利用类型面积发生了很大的变化,其中,耕地面积持续减少,林地、建设用地面积持续增加,园地、草地、水域、荒土地面积先增加后减少;②大兴区景观格局的总体破碎化程度逐年增加,斑块形状相似性变小,形状越来越不规则,景观分离度持续增加,各类景观组分面积比例差别在逐渐缩小,景观中各组分分配越来越均匀,某一种或几种景观组分占优势的情况越来越小;③耕地、园地、林地、草地、水域及荒土地呈现出较为一致的变化规律,即景观的破碎程度加大,分离度增大,形状变得越来越不规则,并且分布越来越分散。建设用地的变化规律略有不同,建设用地的景观破碎度增加,但是形状变得规则,并且分布变得相对聚集。Taking Daxing District of Beijing as a study area, this paper analyzes the landscape patterns change of land use in urban fringe area based on the land use maps in 1993, 2001 and 2007. The area change of land use types is calculated and analyzed based on ArcGIS. Consequently, the landscape patterns change is achieved by the software FRAGSTAS for landscape patterns analysis. The result shows that： Firstly, the most important land use types in Daxing District are cultivated land and construction land. The area of each land use type changed drastically from 1993 to 2010. The area of cultivated land decreased continuously. The area of forest land and construction land increased. The area of garden plot, grass land water body and wasteland increased from 1993 to 2001 and decreased from 2001 to 2007. Secondly, the whole landscape patterns changed greatly in Daxing District. The whole fragmentation and separation degree of landscape increased. The distribution became more and more dispersed and the landscape figure became more and more erase. The area proportion gap of each landscape reduced. It showed that the distribution of each landscape became more and more average and the there was less dominant landscape. Thirdly, the landscape patterns change of each land use type is similar, except for construction land： the fragmentation and separation degree increased, the landscape figure became more and more erose, and the distribution became more and more dispersed. But the fragmentation degree of construction land increased, the figure became more and more regular and the distribution became concentrated.

关 键 词：城市边缘区 土地利用 景观格局 大兴 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]