散穗高粱与四种苏丹草杂种F_1代的生育及细胞遗传学分析  

Analysis on Growth,Development and Cytology of Hybrid F_1 between Loose Spike Sorghum and Four Kinds of Sudangrass

作　　者：周亚星[1] 于卓[1] 马艳红[1] 李造哲[2] 李晓宇[1] 李长青[1] 李小雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院 [2]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2010年第4期24-30,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)项目"中国西部牧草;乡土草遗传及选育的基础研究"(2007CB108903);国家自然科学基金项目(30960262);科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2008GB2A400042);内蒙古自然科学基金重大项目(200711020301);内蒙古草业研究院专项(20071923)

摘　　要：为明确散穗高粱与四种苏丹草种间杂种F1代的育性状况、细胞遗传学特征和育种潜力,用定株观测、花粉粒染色、染色体制片镜检等方法对杂种F1代的生长发育特性、染色体构型等进行了分析。结果表明:4个杂交组合F1代植株生长势很强,生长速度和平均株高(365～395cm)均明显超过双亲;生育期131～138d,为中晚熟型;穗型均呈双亲中间型,穗子较大,每穗小穗数及其密度均超过其父本;F1单株平均分蘖数6.27～6.50个,继承了父本苏丹草分蘖能力强的特性;开花期主茎的糖锤度值为6.26%～6.53%,继承了母本散穗高粱含糖量较高的特性。F1代花粉可育率均在98%以上,自然结实率变幅73.66%～75.89%,不存在育性问题;杂种F1代PMCMⅠ染色体构型为2n=2x=20(10Ⅱ),配对行为规则,但环状二价体频率(4.275～4.965)明显低于其亲本(7.134～8.014)。In order to investigate the fertility,cytogenetic characteristics and breeding potential and to provide basis for selecting and utilizing interspecific hybrid between loose spike sorghum and four kinds of sudangrass,the growth,fertility,cytogenetic characteristics etc.were analyzed with the method of measuring fixed plants,staining pollen and making chromosome slide etc.The results showed that the growth potentiality of hybrid F1 was much stronger,hybrid F1 was superior to its parents in growth rate and average plant height（365～395cm）obviously;the hybrid F1 growing period was 130～137days,which belongs to the type of middle-late maturing,the ear type was in the middle of their parents,the ear was larger,hybrid F1 were superior to their father in spikelet number per spike and density;the average tillering number per plant was 6.27～6.50,inherited the characteristics of strong tillering capacity from their paternal;the brix in main stem was 6.26%～6.53% at the flowering stage,inherited the characteristics of higher brix from their maternal;the pollen fertility rate was above 98%,seed set was 73.66%～75.89%,there was no problems in fertility.Its average chromosome pairing configurations in pollen mother cells at metaphase I（PMCMⅠ） was 2n=2x=20（10Ⅱ）,the chromosome pairing behavior was regular,but the frequency of ring bivalent（4.275～4.965） was obviously lower than that of their parents（7.134～8.014）.

关 键 词：散穗高粱 苏丹草 种间杂种F1 生育 细胞遗传学 

分 类 号：S544[农业科学—作物学] Q943[生物学—植物学]