综合RS与GIS方法提取青藏高原冰川变化信息——以布喀塔格峰为例  

DERIVING GLACIER CHANGE INFORMATION ON THE XIZANG (TIBETAN) PLATEAU BY INTEGRATING RS AND GIS TECHNIQUES

作　　者：李震[1] 孙文新[1] 曾群柱[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所

出　　处：《地理学报》1999年第3期263-268,共6页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家"九五"攀登项目

摘　　要：冰川变化的常规观测方法在高原的大部分地区无法实施。遥感与地理信息系统技术的发展为研究冰川变化提供了有效的手段，本文以位于昆仑山脉中段的布喀塔格山峰冰川为例，利用１９７３年至１９９４年的ＲＢＶ、ＭＳＳ和ＴＭ遥感资料为信息源，综合目视判读与统计分类方法提取冰川界限，形成冰川边界图，并规一化坐标系统，以ＧＩＳ为工具分析该冰川群的变化情况，计算冰川进退变化速率。结果表明布喀塔格山峰北部冰川呈前进趋势，速度为５８ｍ／ａ～１０５ｍ／ａ，南部冰川呈退缩趋势，速度为５０ｍ／ａ～８３ｍ／ａ。Glaciers on the Xizang (Tibetan) plateau play an important role in the earth's climatic system. Regular surveys of glacier change is almost impossible in some areas of the region, and the use of remote sensing techniques is at present the primary, and in may places the only, means of measurement. GIS provides an efficient tool to analyze the status and the changes of glaciers. In this study, we use 1973￣1974 serial RBV, MSS and TM Landsat data and GIS to construct glacier maps and to measure glacier changes for the Bukatage Peak located in the middle section of the Kunlun Mountains. Between 15 and 20 ground control points were selected from topographic maps and identified on each image. The root mean square error (rms) of an independent set of points was selected and used to assess the accuracy of coregistration. The maximum verification error from coregistration of all images was 53 m in the X and 67 m in the Y direction. The details of glacier change such as the velocities of glacier movement at different times were obtained by using GIS tools, based on the results of the serial images' coregistration, classification, vector analysis and calculation. The result shows that there was no significant change in the study area as a whole, but the northern glaciers advanced while the southern glasiers retreated at the velocity of between 50￣105 ma-1. Climatic record for the area shows that both temperature and precipitation had a rising trend from the mid 1950s to the late 1980s. This study suggests that the southern cirque/valley glaciers, especially the bukatage Glacier, responded more rapidly to temperature than precipitation change because of their small areal extent and volume and their south slope positions where more powerful solar radiation occurs. Because of emission from surrounding slopes, the valley bottoms receive more thermal radiation than the unobstructed areas. On the other hand, the northern glaciers, especially the West Bukatage Glacier, are larger in size and receive less solar radiation an

关 键 词：青藏高原 冰川变化 GIS 遥感 布喀塔格峰 

分 类 号：P343.63[天文地球—水文科学] P9[天文地球—地球物理学]