日本对虾野生种群和养殖种群遗传结构的RAPD标记研究  

STUDY OF POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE IN PENAEUS JAPONICUS WITH RAPD MARKERS

作　　者：宋林生[1] 相建海[1] 李晨曦 周岭华[1] 刘保忠[1] 刘瑞玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》1999年第3期261-266,共6页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!39470141;国家攀登计划B资助!PDB-6-5-3;中国科学院院长基金!963054

摘　　要：于1997年4月在福建和山东青岛分别采集日本对虾野生种群和养殖群体的样品,采用RAPD标记技术对其遗传结构进行初步研究。用20个随机引物在野生种群和养殖群体中分别扩增出157和153条DNA片段,其中多态性片段数分别为85和58条,多态性片段的比例分别为54.14％和37.91％,平均杂合度分别为0.2517和0.1343。野生种群的多态性位点比例和条合度明显高于养殖群体,说明中国的日本对虾野生种质资源状况较好,应加以合理保护。与野生种群相比,养殖群体的杂合度有所下降,提示在日本对虾的育苗育种过程中应引进标记辅助选择等技术手段。In April 1997, samples of natural population and hatchery stock of Penaeus japonicus were collected from Fuian Province and Qingdao, Shandong Province respectively. The RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique was applied to the examination of the genetic structure of the natural population and hatchery stock of Penaeus japonicus. Genomic DNA was extracted from 20 individuals for natural population and hatchery stock. Amplification with 20 random primers under predetermined optimal reaction conditions (samples were first heated at 94℃ for 5min, and followed by 45 cycles of 1min. at 94℃, 1min. at 36℃, and 2min. at 72℃, then held at 72℃ for 10min. after 45 cycles) generated 157 and 153 fragments in natural population and hatchery stock, respectively. The polymorphic fragments were 85 and 58, and the mean proportions of polymorphic amplified fragments of natural population and hatchery stock were 54.14% and 37.91%, respectively. The value of average heterozygosity for natural population and hatchery stock were 0.251 7 and 0.134 3, respectively. The higher value of the average heterozygosity of natural population indicates that the natural resomee of Penaeus japonicus was in good condition with higher genetic variability, and effective measare should be carried out to mainnin the good status.The lower heterozygosity in the hatchery stock suggests that the approaches such as marker assisted selection should be induced into the shrimp breeding programs.

关 键 词：日本对虾 RAPD 群体遗传 野生种群 养殖种群 

分 类 号：S968.225.2[农业科学—水产养殖]