患者输血前8项感染指标检查与医院感染控制的意义及社会价值  

Eight Test Items for Infection in Recipients Before Transfusion Blood and Hospital Infection Control:Their Significance and Social Values

作　　者：郭振华[1] 马纲[1] 李晓霞[1] 张红良[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学第一医院输血科,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2010年第15期2209-2210,共2页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的研究临床输血前检查患者乙型肝炎两对半、丙型肝炎、艾滋病以及梅毒8项指标感染状况,探讨其临床意义和社会价值。方法 31 658例输血前患者采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测乙型肝炎两对半、丙肝抗体(抗-HCV)、艾滋抗体(抗-HIV)、梅毒(抗-TP)。结果有2252例检出1项或多于1项阳性,总阳性率达7.1%,HBV、抗-HCV及抗-TP阳性率分别为6.3%、0.4%、0.4%;未检出抗-HIV,未发现混合感染病例;有14种乙型肝炎模式,其余均为一种模式,乙型肝炎患者模式以HBsAg+抗-HBc+抗-HBe、HBsAg+抗-HBc、抗-HBs+抗-HBc+抗-HBe为主;血型A、B、O及AB患者输血前感染HBV、HCV及TP的感染率无统计学意义。结论调查结果显示,输血前患者感染以HBV和HCV为主,各型ABO患者感染机会相等,对输血前患者进行乙型肝炎两对半、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP8项检测对保护患者、医疗机构、供血单位、医院感染控制具有重要意义。OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance and social values of the-eight test items for infection（ie,HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc,HBeAg and anti-HBe,anti-HCV,anti-HIV and anti-TP） in patients before transfusion blood and their hospital infection control.METHODS The eight test items for infection were detected in 31 658 patients before transfusion blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays（ELISA）from Dec 2007 to May 2008.RESULTS From them there were 2252 cases with positive results of one or more items,the total positive rate was 7.1%;and to the positive HBV,anti-HCV and anti-TP were 6.3%,0.4% and 0.4%,respectively,the of anti-HIV and mix-infection modes were all negative.There were 14 patterns of infection in HBV patients,the main patterns were HBsAg＋anti-HBc ＋anti-HBe,HBsAg＋anti-HBc and anti-HBs＋anti-HBc＋anti-HBe.The other types of hepatitis virus only had one pattern of infection.The positive rate of the HBV,HCV and TP infection before transfusion blood in various ABO group patients was without statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS The HBV and HCV infections are the main types before transfusion blood patients.The infection opportunity is equal among patients with various ABO groups.It is of mostly important value and significance that the eight test items for infection before transfusion blood play a role to protect the patients,the medical treatment organization and the blood center,to control and the hospital infection.

关 键 词：输血前受血者 感染 医院感染控制 乙型肝炎病毒 丙型肝炎病毒 艾滋病病毒 梅毒 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]