从石仓土地执照看花户内涵的衍变与本质  

The Evolution and Nature of Huahu Based on Shicang Documents

作　　者：单丽[1] 曹树基[2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心 [2]上海交通大学历史系

出　　处：《社会科学》2010年第8期119-129,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"浙南山区土地契约的搜集;整理与研究"(项目批准号:08BZS031);上海社会科学规划重大项目"浙南山区土地契约的搜集;整理与研究"(项目批准号:2008DLS001);上海市教育委员会人文社会科学创新重点项目"两种田面田与江南的地权结构"(项目批准号:08ZS14)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要："花户"是历史人口史料中的常见名词,相应户数的记载亦往往作为人口数量研究的重要参考依据。然而,"花户"的概念,史书中却并没有明确统一的定义,故而关注此问题的学者只能从与其相关联的记载来探求"花户"的内涵与实质。但是资料的零散性以及个人理解的不同往往会导致对"花户"本质认识上的偏差,进而会导致"花户"数量记载的误用。所幸新近发现的"石仓文书"为解决上述问题提供了新的研究契机。笔者的研究发现,"花户"与人户的对应形式是多种多样的,而土地田产是其存在的根本依据。从本质上来说,"花户"并非实际存在的人户,而是田赋征收机构统计在册的纳税单位。‘Huahu’(花户) (Fiscal household) is a common term in population history research of late imperial China,and their number is often applied as an important reference in relevant research.However,there was no standard definition of ‘Huahu’ in history,so scholars who are interested in this problem seek ways to unveil it by associated records.But the scattered historical materials and personal understanding of the scattered often lead to distortion of the nature,which in turn lead to misusing of the recorded number.Fortunately,the newly discovered Shicang documents provide a new opportunity for further study.The essay finds that the corresponding relationship of ‘Huahu’ with the define household is various,and the land is the basis for its existence.In essence,‘Huahu’ is not a real household,but a fiscal unit just like a company registered in population statistics system for government.

关 键 词：石仓文书 执照 花户 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]