玉米套袋授粉中常见问题及防止措施  

Problems and Countermeasures of Corn Pollination Bagging

作　　者：李军[1] 贾冬梅[1] 刘成启 刘立平 王亚平 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省开原市农业技术推广中心,辽宁开原112300 [2]辽宁职业学院,辽宁铁岭112001 [3]辽宁省开原市靠山乡农业推广站,辽宁开原112300 [4]辽宁省开原市农产品质量安全管理办公室,辽宁开原112300

出　　处：《北京农业（下旬刊）》2010年第5期46-50,共5页Beijing Agriculture

摘　　要：目前,玉米育种上应用最广泛、最富有成效的育种方法是杂交育种。由于育种的目标不同,所以所采用的杂交自交的具体方法和步骤也不尽相同。但它们的共同特点是必须先通过多代的自交来选育优良的基因纯合的亲本自交系,然后再采用不同的自交系进行杂交。其中自交系的纯合性占有相当重要的地位,套袋授粉是保证其纯合性的最重要的措施之一。套袋授粉时要注意的问题颇多。有的自交系品种苞叶过长,口较紧,吐丝困难,还有的雄穗散粉早于雌穗吐丝,为使吐丝快而整齐,使授粉均匀而完整,可在套袋前用剪刀将苞叶顶端剪去一部分,然后及时套上纸袋;相反有的品种苞叶过松吐丝很快,要及时检查套袋,如果花丝已经露出而未套袋,应舍弃此穗。已套袋的果穗如果花丝过长而雄穗未散粉,可在早上露水未干时用剪刀剪花丝等。At present,the most widely used on corn breeding,the most productive breeding method is cross breeding.As the breeding objective is different,so the use of hybrid self specific methods and steps are also different.But their common feature is several generations must come from the cross breeding of superior gene homozygous inbred line,and then hybridized with different inbred lines.Homozygous inbred lines which occupies an important place,bagging pollination is guaranteed homozygous one of the most important measures.Pollination bagging should pay attention to the problem a lot.Some inbred varieties husk too long,mouth tight,spinning difficulties.There＇s tassel shedding early silking,for the spinning fast and neat,uniform and complete so that pollination can before bagging the top with scissors to cut off part of the husk,and then promptly put on paper.On the contrary,some loose husk varieties of silk quickly,promptly check the bag,if the filament had been exposed without bagging,should give up the ear.If the filament has been bagging the ear and the tassel is not shedding too long,can not dry in the morning dew wire with scissors cut flowers.

关 键 词：玉米 套袋授粉 防止措施 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]