绿色技术的扩散:中国三大电子产业集群比较研究  

The Diffusion of 'Green' Technology:Comparison of Three Electronics Industrial Clusters in China

作　　者：史进[1] 童昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第9期120-126,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"中国产业集群理论与实证研究"(编号:40535027);国家自然科学基金项目"基于区域比较研究延伸生产者责任制度对我国电子产业的影响"(编号:40401014);美国国家自然科学基金地理与区域科学项目"中国三大ICT产业集群区域比较"(编号:0552237)资助

摘　　要：基于对北京、上海—苏州和深圳—东莞三地的电子制造企业的调查,本文对比考察了无铅焊接技术在中国三大电子产业集群生产者中的扩散。无铅焊接技术的采纳是应欧盟两项电子废物指令要求而开展的,对全球电子产业供应链产生一定程度的技术震荡。我们发现中国三大电子产业集群在技术转换的过程中,扩散速率明显不同,深圳—东莞的扩散速率最大,上海-苏州次之,北京最小。该研究运用logistic回归进一步分析了影响企业绿色技术采纳决策的因素,重点考察了影响跨国绿色技术扩散的主要因素——目标市场、地理集群、投资来源地和企业自身的一些特性。结果显示,在外部因素中,目标市场和地理集群是显著的解释变量,而投资来源地因素虽有显著影响,但影响方式与研究假设不符。在企业自身特性中,企业在生产链中的位置及其环境管理能力具有显著影响,而我们特别关注的一系列技术创新性指标并没有表现出显著影响。该研究反映出在此项技术扩散中,目标市场的环境管制标准的确发挥出了较强的跨国影响,地方产业集群的特点能进一步强化这种影响,但中国企业普遍局限于被动应对,产品的环境属性尚未成为企业技术创新的重要动力。Increasing attentions have been paid to the impacts of the global environmental governance on the path of technological change in the developing countries for a sustainable future at the global scale.However,while various regulation approaches targeting global supply chains adopted in the developed countries,seldom have empirical researches been done in the developing world.This piece of work focuses on the diffusion of lead-free soldering technology within electronics manufacturers in three electronics industrial clusters in China in response to the recent EU directives on electronics products,to demonstrate the trans-boundary effects of the environmental regulations in the developed world on the technological dynamics in the developing country.Firm-level investigations were conducted in three electronics industrial clusters in China,namely Beijing,Shanghai-Suzhou and Shenzhen-Dongguan in 2006 and 2007 after a series of pilot fieldwork in those regions.We find that the EU directives played a critical role in promoting the diffusion of lead-free soldering technology within electronics producers while significant differences existed in the adoption behavior among the producers in the three regions.A logistic regression model was formulated to develop a deeper understanding of the factors underpinning firms＇ decision to adopt the lead-free technology.The results show that ＇target market＇ and ＇geographical cluster＇ emerge from the analysis as significant factors while ＇investment origin＇,though significant,fails to comply with the hypothesis.Moreover,the position in the production chain and the overall environmental management capability of the firm are further features that emerge as significant factors of firm＇s adoption decision.However,the innovation capacity at firm level didn＇t contribute significantly to firm＇s adoption,which shows the limits of unilateral pressure of global environmental governance.

关 键 词：绿色技术 创新扩散 产业集群 LOGISTIC回归 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]