Distribution characteristics of respiratory aerosols in enclosed environments  

人体呼出气溶胶在封闭环境中的分布特性(英文)

作　　者：高乃平[1] 牛建磊[2] Lidia Morawska 

机构地区：[1]同济大学机械工程学院,上海200092 [2]香港理工大学屋宇设备工程学系 [3]School of Physical and Chemical Sciences,Queensland University of Technology,Queensland

出　　处：《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》2010年第2期232-237,共6页东南大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50808133);the Dean's Reserve of Faculty of Construction and Land Use at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University

摘　　要：This paper studies the spatial concentration distribution and temporal evolution of exhaled and sneezed/coughed droplets within the range of 1.0 to 10.0 μm in an office room with three air distribution methods,including mixing ventilation（MV）,displacement ventilation（DV）,and under-floor air distribution（UFAD）.The simulation results indicate that exhaled droplets with diameters up to 10.0 μm from normal respiration process are uniformly distributed in MV.However,they become trapped at the breathing height by thermal stratifications in DV and UFAD,resulting in a high droplet concentration and an increased exposure risk to other occupants.Sneezed/coughed droplets are more slowly diluted in DV/UFAD than in MV.Low air speed in the breathing zone in DV/UFAD can lead to prolonged human exposure to droplets in the breathing zone.研究了1.0～10.0μm的呼吸道颗粒物在混合送风、置换送风和地板送风的办公室环境中的浓度空间分布和瞬态演变规律.仿真结果表明:小于10.0μm的飞沫在混合送风的房间内几乎是均匀分布的.然而,在置换送风和地板送风中,垂直温度梯度使得小于10.0μm的飞沫在人体呼吸区高度聚集,导致一个较高的浓度水平,因此室内人员被感染的概率比较高.由咳嗽或者打喷嚏产生的飞沫在置换和地板送风中的稀释(浓度衰减)比在混合送风中慢,这是因为置换和地板送风中人体呼吸区的风速比较小,飞沫在此聚集,不易被气流携带排出室内空间.

关 键 词：respiratory droplets displacement ventilation under-floor air distribution（UFAD） TRANSMISSION airborne disease 

分 类 号：TU834[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]