饲料中添加甘草酸对刺参生长、免疫及抗病力的影响  

EFFECTS OF DIETARY GLYCYRRHIZIN ON GROWTH,IMMUNITY OF SEA CUCUMBER AND ITS RESISTANCE AGAINST VIBRIO SPLENDIDUS

作　　者：陈效儒[1,2] 张文兵[1] 麦康森[1] 谭北平[3] 艾庆辉[1] 徐玮[1] 马洪明[1] 王小洁[1] 刘付志国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,青岛266003 [2]通威股份有限公司,成都610041 [3]广东海洋大学水产经济动物营养与饲料实验室,湛江524025

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2010年第4期731-738,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划863计划(2006AA100313)资助

摘　　要：以初始体重为(6.80±0.00)g左右的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)为研究对象,在室内循环水系统中进行8周饲喂实验,研究饲料中添加不同梯度的甘草酸对刺参生长、免疫及其抗病力的影响。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加50、100和200mg/kg的甘草酸,共配制4种实验饲料。结果表明:饲料中添加甘草酸对刺参的成活率没有影响,各处理组均为100%。饲料中添加200mg/kg甘草酸可显著提高刺参的特定生长率(SGR)(P<0.05)。当饲料中甘草酸添加量为200mg/kg时,刺参体腔细胞一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组及其他添加组(P<0.05)。当饲料中甘草酸添加量为100和200mg/kg时,刺参体腔细胞O2-产量(COP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性均显著高于对照组及50mg/kg添加组(P<0.05)。100mg/kg的甘草酸同时还显著提高了刺参体腔细胞NOS活性和LZM活性(P<0.05)。50mg/kg添加组以上各免疫指标与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。养殖实验结束后,通过注射刺参腐皮综合症致病菌灿烂弧菌(Vibriosplendidus)进行刺参攻毒实验,攻毒后14d内对照组与50mg/kg添加组的累计发病率(分别为38.3%和36.7%)显著高于100和200mg/kg添加组(分别为30.0%和26.7%)(P<0.05)。实验可得到以下结论:(1)饲料中添加200mg/kg甘草酸可以提高刺参养殖的产量,同时可以提高刺参的非特异性免疫力和抗病力;(2)在研究中,全周期养殖期间投喂甘草酸不会产生免疫疲劳或其他副作用。A 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of glycyrrhizin on the growth,non-specific immunity of sea cucumber（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka） as well as its resistance against Vibrio splendidus.The fish meal and defatted soybean meal were used as main protein source and fish oil and lecithin as main lipid source.The basal diet（19.6% crude protein and 4.7% crude lipid） was used as control.Four practical diets were formulated containing four glycyrrhizin levels：0,50,100 and 200 mg/kg feed,respectively.Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of sea cucumber in indoor 200-L fiberglass tanks with circulating seawater and constant aeration.And each tank was stocked with 30 sea cucumbers [initial average weight（6.80±0.00） g].The water temperature was（17 ± 0.5） ℃ and the salinity was（25 ± 1）‰ during the experimental period.At the termination of the feeding experiment,6 sea cucumber of each replicate were dissected and the coelomic fluid was collected with the 1︰1 ratio of the anticoagulant solution and coelomic fluid volumes.For the measurement of immune parameters,cells were counted immediately after sampling using a hemocytometer and then rapidly adjusted to 2 × 106 cells/mL with isotonic buffer.The results showed that glycyrrhizin supplemented at 200 mg/kg significantly enhanced the specific growth rate of sea cucumber（P〈0.05）,whereas other supplementation did not（P〈0.05）.During the feeding trial,no death of sea cucumber was observed among diet treatments.Sea cucumbers fed diet with 200 mg/kg glycyrrhizin had significant higher activi-ties of nitric oxide synthase（NOS） and lysozyme（LZM） than those fed other diets（P〈0.05）.The intracellular O2？ production（COP）,superoxide dismutase（SOD） and acid phosphatase（ACP） activities in sea cucumbers fed diets with 100 and 200 mg/kg glycyrrhizin were significantly higher when compared with the control and 50 mg/kg glycyrrhizin groups（P〈0.05）.Increased NOS activity and

关 键 词：刺参 甘草酸 免疫力 抗病力 免疫增强剂 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]