激光破岩方法研究及在石油钻井中的应用展望  

The Study of Laser Rock Breaking Method and Its Application in Well Drilling

作　　者：徐依吉[1] 周长李[1] 钱红彬[1] 宋鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东东营257061

出　　处：《石油钻探技术》2010年第4期129-134,共6页Petroleum Drilling Techniques

摘　　要：激光钻井破岩研究是钻探工程领域一项具有前瞻性的应用基础理论课题,它包括5大基础科学问题,即激光/岩石/流体相互作用原理、岩石相变的热力学与传热学理论、强激光的传输变换与微型化原理、激光破岩岩屑运移的多相流动理论、激光钻井的安全与环境保护科学等。阐述了激光直接破岩的机理,即击碎、熔化和蒸发的作用,并综述了国内外激光破岩试验研究成果,解释了比能、二次作用等专业概念;主要对激光破岩试验中出现的岩石热裂、液体汽化效应进行了分析,得出了影响激光热裂岩石、激光汽化钻井液的因素,从理论上探讨了激光-气体机械联合钻井与激光激励汽化射流辅助钻井方法的可行性,同时指出了发展激光钻井技术的优势及难点,为激光技术在钻井中的应用指出了研究方向。Rock breaking through laser is a prospective technique both in field application and theoretical study.It involves five major fundamental scientific issues,including laser/rock/fluid interaction,rock thermodynamic and heat transfer,laser transformation and miniaturization,rock cuttings transportation in multiphase flow,laser drilling safety and environmental protection.The paper described the mechanism of rock breaking through laser,including smashing,melting,evaporation.In addition,this paper reviewed the technical advances in experimental research of breaking rock through laser,explained the concept of specific energy,secondary affect,and analyzed rock heat cracking and liquid vaporization.The factors impacting thermal cracking and fluid vaporization were obtained.The feasibility of combining gas machinery and laser smashing and vaporization jet in well drilling was investigated and both advantages and disadvantages of this technique were pointed out.

关 键 词：激光应用 破岩机理 汽化 气体钻井 空化 射流 

分 类 号：TE21[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程] TE249