血吸虫病传播阻断地区查螺质控方法的建立及效果评价  

Establishment and evaluation of quality control methods of Oncomelania hupensis snail investigation in transmission-interrupted areas of schistosomiasis

作　　者：黄少玉[1] 张启明[1] 林荣幸[1] 邓卓晖[1] 张贤昌[1] 霍丽婵[1] 王金龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广州510300

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2010年第4期355-359,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：广东省医学科学研究基金(A200307)

摘　　要：目的探索建立查螺质量控制(质控)方法 ,提高螺情监测质量。方法采用现场观察法对影响查螺质量的主要因素,包括查螺方法、时间、人员年龄和血防健康教育等与标记质控螺查获率关系进行比较分析,选择适当的查螺方法、时间、人员和健康教育方式,对其现场应用效果进行评价。结果 1993-1998年,在3个县(市、区)研究发现,全面细查法、环境抽查法、系统抽样法的质控螺平均查获率分别为90.35%、67.03%、48.33%。1999-2000年现场观察,查获每框全部质控螺的平均时间为3.87min。2000-2003年每年在4个县(市、区)分别由专业人员和村民组成查螺小组进行查螺,各组质控螺的平均查获率随时间的增加而升高,最高分别为67.94%和56.97%,但至2h后各组质控螺查获率的提高幅度较小。2002-2004年观察,查螺人员健康教育组各年龄段质控螺平均查出率均比对照组高,且2组均为16～50岁组高于≥51岁组。分析认为查螺质控方法应包括:①设置质控框;②以系统抽样和环境抽查法相结合;③每节(上午或下午)查螺时间约2h,每人每节控制细查25框左右;④查螺员宜选用青壮年;⑤查螺前对人员进行针对性的血防健教;⑥每节查螺时段质控螺查获率达60%左右。2005-2009年在原疫区的10个县(市、区)按质控方法要求进行查螺,调查52213框,质控螺查获率平均为58.99%,达到预期效果。结论本文建立的查螺质控方法在血吸虫病传播阻断地区或非流行区应用简便有效、易于操作、评价客观。Objective To establish the quality control method of Oncomelania hupensis snail investigation,so as to improve the quality of schistosomiasis surveillance.Methods The main factors related to the checking out rates of the labelled quality-controlled （LQC） snails were studied by field observation,and the main factors included the methods of snail investigation,the time of investigation,the age of personnel,and schistosomiasis health education.Then the appropriate methods of snail investigation,time,personnel and health education were adopted to evaluate their effects on field application.Results From 1993 to 1998,the average checking out rates of the LQC snails were 90.35%,67.03%and 48.33% by adopting the methods of a fully detailed investigation,environmental sampling and systematic sampling in the sites of 3 counties （cities or districts）,respectively.From 1999 to 2000,the average time for checking out the LQC snails in each frame was 3.87 minutes.From 2000 to 2003,the snail investigation groups were formed by professionals and villagers from 4 counties （cities or districties）,respectively.The average checking out rates of the LQC snails in each group increased with time.The highest average rates in the professional group and the villager group were 67.94% and 56.97%,respectively.However,2 h later,the checking out rates of the LQC snails increased little in each group.From 2002 to 2004,each age subgroup in health education subgroup had higher rates than the control subgroup,and the 16-50-aged subgroups had higher rates than the ≥51-aged subgroups.The analysis of the above results showed that the quality control method should consider：① setting the quality control frames;② the combination of systematic sampling and environmental sampling methods;③ a session of inspection （morning or afternoon） was about 2 h,and the number of frames was about 25 for per person in per session;④ the youth were good snail investigation persons;⑤ schistosomiasis control health education for investigation p

关 键 词：血吸虫病 查螺 质量控制 效果评价 传播阻断地区 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]