古麇地出土青铜器合金技术与金相组织分析  

Study on the Microstructure and Alloy Technology of Bronzes Excavated from the Ancient Jun District

作　　者：罗武干[1,2] 秦颍[3] 黄凤春[4] 王昌燧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院研究生院科技史与科技考古系,北京100049 [2]中德人类演化与科技考古联合实验室,北京100044 [3]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,合肥230026 [4]湖北省文物考古研究所,武汉430077

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2010年第3期329-338,共10页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(项目编号:KJCX3.SYW.N12);博士后基金(项目编号:20090460567)

摘　　要：利用金相显微镜、XRF等方法分析了郧县五峰乡乔家院墓群出土部分青铜器样品。此批青铜器合金配比中,容器的含锡量比兵器低;而工具、兵器的含铅量要低于容器。对强度、硬度要求较高的样品(如剑等),合金配制中几乎不加铅,而加入较高的锡;对需要进行锻打成形的样品则严格采用低铅用量,适度控制锡含量。同时,对含锡量中等的青铜削刀(Sn 12.83%),古代工匠将热处理、冷加工等加工工艺与合金配比结合起来,制成了性能更为优良的工具。另外,XRF分析指出,12件铸造成型的青铜容器均具有非常高的铅含量。分析表明,古麇地出土青铜器的合金技术较高,此时对合金规律有了深刻的认识。In this paper some bronzes, which were excavated from Qiaojiayuan tombs, are analyzed. From metallographic and XRF analyses, it is found that the conten of Pb is higher in bronze vessels, while another component Sn is lower. Some artifacts, such as sword, which needs high intensity and rigidity, contain few Pb, and some forged artifacts contain little Pb. The ancient blacksmith forged and did heat treatment on the bronze blade in order to improve its intensity and rigidity. The results indicate that, the alloy technology of these bronzes was at a higher level. And the blacksmith was profoundly cognizant of the law of alloy.

关 键 词：古麇地 青铜器 合金工艺 乔家院墓群 

分 类 号：TG146.11[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]