背瘤丽蚌钩介幼虫寄生变态发育和有效积温的研究  

Parasitic metamorphosis development and effective accumulated temperature of glochidia of Lamprotula leai

作　　者：张根芳[1,2] 许式见 方爱萍 

机构地区：[1]金华职业技术学院,浙江金华321007 [2]金华市九色珍珠研究所,浙江金华321017 [3]金华市威旺养殖新技术有限公司,浙江金华321017

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2010年第3期18-22,共5页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：浙江省重大科技专项(2009C12083);金华市科技计划项目(2009-2-005)

摘　　要：选用黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)作为寄主鱼,研究了背瘤丽蚌(Lamprotula leai)钩介幼虫寄生变态发育的过程、生物学零度和有效积温等重要生物学特征。结果显示,背瘤丽蚌钩介幼虫在黄颡鱼的鳃丝、鳍条或须上均能完成变态发育。在水温(25±1)℃时,寄生期为8 d。钩介幼虫腹缘先与寄主鱼体表组织接触,寄生后5 h,大部分被鱼体组织包裹;第2天,内幼虫足丝消失,钩介幼虫全部被包在包囊中;随着钩介幼虫寄生变态发育的进行,其壳颜色逐渐加深;第7天,变成黑色不透明,并有少量钩介幼虫变态为稚蚌;第8天,稚蚌脱落达到高峰期;第9天,稚蚌全部脱落。在寄生阶段,钩介幼虫壳长、壳高和铰合部长未发生显著变化。钩介幼虫寄生变态发育的生物学零度为12.8℃,有效积温为100.2℃.d。Pelteobagrus fulvidraco was selected as host for the glochidia of Lamprotula leai in this study.The important biological characteristics of glochidia L.leai,such as the procession of parasitic metamorphosis development,biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature of parasitic metamorphosis development,were studied.The results showed that the mature glochidia were parasitized to the gills,fins or beards of host fish（P.fulvidraco） and started the parasitic metamorphosis development.The parasitic period lasted 8 days at water temperature of（25±1）℃.The ventral margin of glochidia attached to the fish firstly.After 5 hours post-infection,most of the glochidia were wrapped by the tissue of the fish.In about 2 day after attachment,the glochidium was completely encapsulated by host tissue;meanwhile,the inner byssuses disappeared.In the process of parasitic metamorphosis development of glochidia,the colors of glochidium shell became dark gradually.The shell became opaque after parasitizing in 7 days.At the same time,a few of glochidia metamorphosed into juveniles.A large number of juveniles left the fish host on the 8th day after attachment.In 9 days the juveniles completely left the fish host after parasitizing.There was no significant change on shell length,shell height and length of the intertwist part of glochidia during the whole parasitic phase.The biological zero temperature was 12.8 ℃,and the effective accumulated temperature was 100.2 ℃·d.

关 键 词：背瘤丽蚌(Lamprotula leai) 钩介幼虫 寄生变态发育 生物学零度 有效积温 

分 类 号：S966.22[农业科学—水产养殖]