循环养殖系统中多级生物处理对水质的调控作用  

Controlling effect of multiple bio-treatments on water quality in a recirculating aquaculture system

作　　者：孙成渤[1] 李建国[1] 赵冬艳[1] 陈家长[2] 李崇文 

机构地区：[1]天津农学院/国家实验教学示范中心水产生态与养殖重点实验室,天津300384 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [3]天津市天祥水产有限公司,天津301500

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2010年第3期36-43,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：天津市农业科技成果转化与推广项目(0604150)

摘　　要：研究了根据不同生物的功能特性及其间的协同作用,建立的由芦苇湿地、沉水植被群落、人工基质固定化微生物膜、软体底栖动物和滤食性鱼类组成的自净型多级生物修复系统,对养殖塘环境改善情况。结果显示:与实施修复前的系统相比,营养盐NO2-N、NO3-N和PO4-P的去除率分别达87.46%、62.99%和75.74%;浮游动、植物的生物量分别减少92.83%和15.90%。养殖塘排水营养盐NO2-N、NO3-N和PO4-P的去除率分别为27%～96%(年均87%)、37%～84%(年均84%)和30%～17%(年均9%),CODMn的去除率为1%～17%(年均9%)。经系统多级处理后水体透明度分别提高了75%和17%,最高值达52 cm。浮游植物生物量平均减少63.93%,尤其是蓝藻,平均减少68.17%。浮游植物群落结构转好,硅藻大量繁殖,成为优势种。浮游动物群落结构也由小型原生动物占优向大型枝角类、轮虫转变。受控于滤食性鱼类,浮游动物生物量维持在较低水平。According to the different functions of various living organisms and their synergistic effects,a self-purification multiple bio-treatment system was established.The system consisted of Phragmites australis beds,submerged plant communities,artificial immobilized microbial membranes,benthic molluscs and filter-feeding fish,utilized the nutrients in the water body,and finally improved the environment of the culure ponds.After comparing the system between pre-and post-treatment,the removal rates of NO2-N,NO3-N and PO4-P were up to 87.46%,62.99% and 75.74%,respectively.The biomass of zooplankton and phytoplankton was reduced by 92.83% and 15.90%,respectively.After the multiple treatment by the system,the concentrations of NO2-N,NO3-N and PO4-P in the outflow were reduced by 27%～96%（on the average of 87%）,37%～84%（on the average of 84%） and 30%～17%（on the average of 9%）,respectively.The removal rate of CODMn was between 1%～17%（on the average of 9%）.Water transparency increased by 75% and 17% with the maximum of 52 cm.Phytoplankton biomass was reduced by 63.93% on average,especially cyanobacteria which was reduced by 68.17% on average.The succession of phytoplankton community structure took a turn for the better.The diatom multiplied and gradually became the dominant species.The dominant taxa of zooplankton community changed from small-size protozoa to large-size taxa,i.e.cladocera and rofitera.The zooplankton biomass,inhibited by the filter-feeding fish,maintained at a low level.

关 键 词：养殖塘 浮游生物 水化学 自净型多级生物修复系统 生物修复 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖] X52[农业科学—水产科学]