CIMMYT玉米种质资源的引进鉴定与利用研究  

Identification and utilization of maize germplasm introduced from CIMMYT

作　　者：陈天渊 卢森权 李彦青 黄咏梅 吴翠荣 李慧峰 李石初 马琳 

机构地区：[1]广西玉米研究所,南宁530227

出　　处：《广西农业科学》2010年第7期633-636,共4页Guangxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(桂科自0832219)

摘　　要：2008年从CIMMYT引进玉米种质资源132份,其中地方种质50份、杂交种21份、基因改良圃中间材料34份、自交系27份。经过两年种植鉴定,大部分材料的株高及雌雄花协调性基本和引种地一致,这些种质材料具有适应广西玉米两季种植模式、生育期适中、茎秆粗壮及籽粒品质优等特点。其中,黄粒CML285表现特优,适应广西气候,产量高,一般配合力高;白粒CML268也表现很好,产量高,穗部性状遗传力高。利用CML204改良玉米自交系南60-1获得"改良南60-1",其籽粒品质明显提高,且与CML268有较高的特殊配合力。对引进的自交系、特别是白粒自交系直接和广西的骨干系组配,获得了较强的杂交优势组合。对引进的地方种质、杂交种及基因圃中间材料进行人工套袋自交,获得了168份趋于稳定的高代材料,大部分高代材料的产量、长势及雌雄花协调性表现很好;采用广西骨干系进行测配,获得600多个组合。此外,将部分材料和广西自交系杂交,可明显改善广西玉米籽粒品质。因此,引进的玉米种质材料丰富了广西玉米种质资源,拓宽了玉米育种材料的遗传基础,利于加快我区玉米新品种的育种进程。132 maize germplasm materials were introduced from CIMMYT in 2008,which included 50 local germplasm collections,21 hybrids and 34 moderate materials from genetic improvement nursery of CIMMYT,and 27 inbred lines.After planting and identification process of two years,most of the introduced germplasm materials showed morphological and floral characteristics similar to CIMMYT.These germplasm materials were characterized by moderate growth period,stout stalk,good grain quality and adoption to planting model of double-cropping in Guangxi.Among them,yellow grain type material CML285 showed excellent high yield and general combining ability,and could be adapted to local climate.White grain type material CML268 also showed good characters,high yield and high heritability of spike characters.Gailiangnan 60-1 showed better grain quality and higher special combining ability than CML268,which was derived from maize inbred line Nan 60-1 and improved by CML204.Through artificial inbreeding of introduced local germplasm,hybrids and moderate materials,168 stable higher generation materials were obtained which showed high yield,good growth vigor and coordination of male and female flowers.After crossing with local elite lines,600 combinations were derived from 168 higher generation materials.Furthermore,the grain quality of local maize inbred lines was improved after hybridization with the introduced materials.These introduced maize germplasm materials enriched our maize germplasm,widened genetic base of maize breeding material and accelerated the breeding of new maize varieties in Guangxi.

关 键 词：玉米 种质资源 引进 鉴定 利用 CIMMYT 

分 类 号：S513.024[农业科学—作物学]