广东省云安县2004—2009年狂犬病流行病学分析  

Epidemiological Analysis of Rabies in Yun’an County of Guangdong Province during 2004-2009

作　　者：黄明安[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省云安县疾病预防控制中心,527500

出　　处：《职业与健康》2010年第17期1964-1966,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析云安县狂犬病流行病学特征及其流行因素,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对云安县2004-2009年全县报告的狂犬病病例个案资料进行统计分析。结果云安县2004—2009年共发生报告狂犬病34例,全县8个镇中7个镇有病例报告,均在农村发病。发病时间以5、7、9、10、12月为主,占79.4%;男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.83:1;年龄分布以50岁以上居多,占58.8%,15岁以下儿童次之,占29.4%;职业分布以农民为主,占70.6%,学生次之,占26.5%;伤人动物中,以犬为主,占85.3%,猫次之,占11.8%;伤及部位以上肢为主,占58.8%,下肢次之,占23.5%;全部病例均没有规范处理伤口和狂犬病疫苗、抗毒血清(或免疫球蛋白)接种;潜伏期最短9d,最长3年,平均为98d;具有典型狂犬病临床症状,病程1～12d,34例全部死亡。结论云安县2004—2009年所发生34例狂犬病主要是由于疫情扩散、犬密度过高、犬类"管、免、灭"综合防治措施不到位、群众防控制意识不强和麻痹尧幸心理所引起的,今后防治对策主要是着力提高群众防控意识和建立政府主导的狂犬病防控长效机制。[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Yun’an County and its epidemiological factors,and provide scientific evidence for developing prevention and control measures.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological analysis was adopted to analyze the data of individual rabies cases reported during 2004-2009 in Yun’an County.[Results]A total of 34 cases of rabies were reported in 7 of 8 towns of the whole county,all cases were in rural areas.Cases onset in May,July,September,October and December occupied 79.4%.The ratio of male cases to female cases was 1.83：1;patients aged over 50 years occupied 58.8%,followed by patients aged less than 15 years （29.4%）;occupational distribution was main in peasants （70.6%）,followed by students （26.5%）;the main attacking animal was dog （85.3%）,followed by cat （11.8%）;the injured sites were main at upper limbs （58.8%）,followed by lower limbs （23.5%）.All cases did not receive standard treatments and vaccination of rabies vaccines,antivenom （or immunoglobulin）.All cases were died with shortest latency of 9 days and longest latency of 3 years,with the average of 98 days.All cases had the typical clinical symptoms of rabies,with course of 1～12 days.[Conclusion]The 34 cases of rabies are mainly due to the spread of epidemic,high density of dogs,uncompleted comprehensive control measures of management,immunization and elimination,absent awareness of prevention and control in public,and trusting to luck.The control measures are to strengthen public awareness of prevention and control,and to establish long-term prevention mechanism of rabies guided by the government.

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行病学 分析 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]