基于人本经济学的可持续发展理论辨析  

Probe into Sustainable Development Theory on the Basis of Humanistic Economics

作　　者：牛艳华 

机构地区：[1]河南省城市规划设计研究院,郑州450000

出　　处：《学术交流》2010年第8期58-61,共4页Academic Exchange

摘　　要：可持续发展理论的提出源于人类经济发展中遇到的环境瓶颈问题,因此,人们的经济学观点对其理论内涵的界定与延展紧密相连。西方经济学以收入——成本分析为根基,将不同经济主体的利益最大化问题作为核心,始终不能摆脱人类经济发展跟自然资源相对立的功利境界。人本经济学则主张"以人为本"的资源观与发展观,该理论提出人的生命成本是经济学中的最终成本,应将人生成本最小化和快乐满足最大化取代功利经济学中的生产成本最小化和效用最大化概念,认为应该把人类自身与自然环境统一起来,作为一个整体来考虑人类经济发展的长远问题;而且将资源、环境纳入到经济发展体系,揭示出引发可持续发展问题的根源并非自然资源的有限性和稀缺性,而在于人的有限能力与无限欲望之间的矛盾。按照人本经济学的理念,要从根本上解决可持续发展问题,必须将重点转移到人类自身,通过建立全消费观念,为合理的生产、分配与交换行为做出正确的消费导向;同时,注重提高人类认识、利用、改造和维护自然的能力以及调节和改善人类自身行为的能力,达到人类自身发展与资源、环境的和谐共赢。While facing environmental bottlenecks during the development of economy,people raised a sustainable development theory,so defining and extending connotations of the theory are closely connected with points of views in economics. Western economics is rooted in income-cost analysis and takes the benefit maximum of different economic entities as its core,so its utilitarian attributes make never can human economic development be shaken off the opposite state against natural resources. Highlighting the ＂ people-oriented＂ out-look of resources and development,humanistic economics brings forward that the cost of life remains the ultimate cost in economics,that is,minimum of producing cost and maximum of performance in utilitarian economics should be replaced by minimum of life cost and maximum of happiness,humankind should be unified with natural environment and we should take them as the whole entity to plan a long-term development in economy; resources and environment these factors ought to be introduced into development system,and the reason why sustainable development emerges is not the finiteness and rareness of natural resources but the contradiction between man＇s finite capability and endless desires. To solve the sustainable development essentially,we should follow the concepts of humanistic economics,focus on human themselves,form and improve consumption concept,and guide a correct consumption in rational production,distribution and exchange; meanwhile, we must enhance man＇s capacities in cognition,utilization,reform and natural conservation as well as the adjustment and improvement of human behaviors,so as to realize the win-win situations among man＇s progress, resources and environment.

关 键 词：可持续发展 人地关系 经济学 人本经济学 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]