三峡库区重庆段移民安置区饮用水源地水质现状调查  

Investigation of Drinking Water Sources Quality in Chongqing Migrant Resettlement Area in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：张大元[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市环境科学研究院重庆,401147

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2010年第7期621-623,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的了解三峡库区重庆市移民安置区城镇和集镇集中式饮用水源水质现状。方法选择三峡库区重庆段移民安置区内城镇(城市和新县城)和集镇集中供水的97个饮用水水源作为调查对象。于2005—2008年,移民安置区城镇饮用水水源水水质监测每月进行1次,集镇饮用水水源水水质监测分别在枯水期(2月)、平水期(5月)、丰水期(8月)各进行2次。结果共采集水样1882件,合格1278件,合格率为67.9%。城镇饮用水源水水质合格率为70.7%(626/885),高于集镇[65.4%(652/997)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.062,P<0.05)。以水库水为水源水的水样中,城镇水质合格率为64.4%,高于集镇(52.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.130,P<0.05)。与枯水期[73.5%(461/627)]比较,丰水期和平水期移民安置区饮用水源水合格率[68.0%(433/637),62.1%(384/618)]均较低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.532,P<0.01)。铜、锌、砷、镉、汞、氰化物、挥发酚、石油类、阴离子表面活性剂、氯化物、硫化物、铅指标均合格;粪大肠菌群合格率最低,仅为69.3%;其次是生化需氧量和高锰酸盐指数,合格率分别为96.0%和98.5%;pH值、溶解氧、氨氮、总磷、硫酸盐、锰、溶解性铁、硝酸盐、铬(六价)、氟化物合格率在98.9%～99.9%之间。4年间饮用水源水质逐年上升,且城镇和集镇饮用水源水质差距缩小。结论三峡库区重庆段移民安置区饮用水源的微生物污染亟待改善。Objective To know the current water quality of drinking water sources in cities and towns in Chongqing migrant resettlement area in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Methods Ninety-seven water sources for centralized water supply of cities （city and new county） and towns in Chongqing migrant resettlement area in the Three Gorges Reservoir area were chosen as the objectives from 2005 to 2008. Samples of urban drinking water sources from these water sections were tested monthly, others were tested annually in dry season （February）, normal season（May） and rainy season（August）. Results Among 1 882 samples, 1 278 samples were qualified （67.9%）. The qualified rate of water quality of urban drinking water sources （70.7% ,826/885） differed significantly from that of the town samples （65.4%, 652/997） （P〈0.05）. For reservoir water used as the drinking source water, the qualified rate of water quality of the urban samples （64.4%） differed significantly from that of the town samples （52.3%）（P〈0.05）. The qualified rate of drinking water quality of the migrant resettlement area in dry season （73.5% ,461/627） was significantly higher compared with rainy season （68.0% ,433/637） and medium season （62.1%, 384/618） （P〈0.01）. The levels of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, cyanide, volatile hydroxybenzene, oils, anionic surfactants, chloride, sulfide, Pb in drinking water source were all qualified. The qualified rate of the fecal coliform was the lowest （69.3%）, and those of the CODM. and BOD5 were 96.0% and 98.5% ; the qualified rates of the pH value, DO, ammonia-nitrogen, TP, phosphate, Mn,water-soluble ionic lron, nitrate, hexavalent chromium, fluoride were in the range of 98.9% to 99.9%. The quality of drinking water sources was increasing in the past 4 years. Conclusion The microbial contamination of drinking water sources in Chongqing migrant resettlement area in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is serious and to be improved.

关 键 词：饮用水 三峡库区 移民安置区 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]