三种牧草植物对黄顶菊田间替代控制  

Field replacement control of Flaveria bidentis with three forage species

作　　者：皇甫超河[1] 张天瑞[1] 刘红梅[1] 李刚[1] 赖欣[1] 杨殿林[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,中国农业科学院武清转基因生物农田生态系统影响野外科学观测试验站,农业部/天津市产地环境与农产品安全重点开放实验室,天津300191

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第8期1511-1518,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：2008年公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(200803022)

摘　　要：在田间条件下,采用替代试验对比研究了3种1年生牧草——高丹草、紫花苜蓿和欧洲菊苣与入侵我国华北地区的一种外来植物黄顶菊之间的相对竞争表现;通过设置不同牧草与黄顶菊组合的替代比例(牧草与黄顶菊分别单种及1∶1、1.5∶1和2∶1比例混种),建立了3种牧草与黄顶菊的田间替代试验区。结果表明:随着3种牧草替代比例的增加,其盖度也逐渐上升,均对黄顶菊表现不同程度的抑制,其中高丹草出苗较黄顶菊更早且具有更强的遮阴能力,在各混种替代组合中完全抑制了黄顶菊生长,抑制率达100%;紫花苜蓿和欧洲菊苣与黄顶菊的混种种群中,黄顶菊的生物量、株高等均极显著低于对照,且在中等替代比例(1.5∶1)下对黄顶菊的抑制效果为最佳,抑制率分别为87.7%和96.2%;在与3种牧草竞争的条件下,黄顶菊相对产量均显著<1.0,表明黄顶菊种间竞争显著小于种内竞争,使该外来种生长受到有效抑制。在黄顶菊已入侵和易于入侵的生境建立牧草替代种群是进行生态重建和保持当地生物多样性的有效手段。A replacement field experiment was conducted to study the relative competitiveness between three native annual forage species （Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense, Medicago sativa and Cichorium intybus）, and Flaveria bidentis, a new exotic weed invader in North China. To evaluate the competitive responses of target plants and the competitive effects of neighbors, the pairwise plant combinations with F. bidentis were established in plots in five replacement proportion levels （monoculture of forage species and F. bidentis, and mixed culture of forage species and F. bidentis with the proportions of 1∶1, 1.5∶1, and 2∶1, respectively）. The results showed that the canopy density of the three forage species increased with replacement proportion, and the growth of F. bidentis was inhibited to different degrees. Of the three forage species, S. bicolor × S. sudanense had superior competitive ability over F. bidentis, because of its earlier emergence and more coverage, and thus, controlled F. bidentis completely, with an inhibition rate of 100% based on biomass production, irrespective of the proportions employed. As for the mixed culture with M. sativa and C. intybus, the aboveground biomass and plant height of F. bidentis were significantly reduced, and the medium replacement proportion （1.5∶1） of the two forage species was the optimal, with the inhibition rate of F. bidentis aboveground biomass and plant height being 87.7% and 96.2%, respectively, compared with the monoculture control. Under the competition with the three forage species, the relative yield of F. bidentis was less than 1.0, indicating that the intraspecific competition of F. bidentis was more intense than interspecific competition, and thus, this weed invader was effectively suppressed. All the results suggested that establishing these forage species could be a practical technique for restoring or maintaining the biological diversity on the sites having been invaded or easily to be invaded by F. bidentis.

关 键 词：黄顶菊 牧草 生物入侵 替代控制 植物竞争 生态重建 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]