沈阳河流和沿岸地区环境多介质中锰的分布及生态风险评价  

Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of manganese in multi-media environment in river watershed areas of Shenyang

作　　者：杨永亮[1] 吴学丽[1] 路国慧[1] 刘晓端[1] 朱晓华[1] 王晓春[1] 汤奇峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家地质实验测试中心中国地质科学院生态地球化学重点开放实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第8期1605-1611,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：科技部国际合作项目(2006DFA21280);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40773010)

摘　　要：对沈阳地区主要河流河水、沉积物及周边地下水、土壤、农作物和人发样品中锰浓度进行了分析,并对其分布特征和生态风险进行了探讨。沈阳河流沿岸地区表层土壤样品中锰浓度平均值处于辽河平原土壤中锰元素背景值范围之内并低于地壳丰度。生活饮用水水源地的水锰浓度(0.01mg·L-1)符合我国集中式生活饮用水地表水源地标准。浑河、细河、沈抚灌渠水中锰浓度为0.06～14.2mg·L-1,与国内外其他河流相比没有明显锰污染;但细河流域部分地区地下水中锰浓度(夏、秋季分别平均为4.17和2.75mg·L-1)超过国家地下水质量标准规定III和IV类水。沈阳彰驿地区农作物中锰浓度范围为3～266μg·g-1干重,不同作物锰浓度差异较大;锰污染较严重的农作物为浅层地下水灌溉所致。当地居民通过饮用水和食用农作物途径的锰摄入量几乎相当,均低于最小中毒剂量0.06mg·kg-1体重·d-1。细河附近一些村庄居民头发中的锰浓度平均达24.6μg·g-1,其中女性平均为26.4μg·g-1,高于男性,接近国内正常发锰(1.3～9.8μg·g-1)上限的3倍;发锰浓度与居民年龄存在着明显关系,20～30岁年龄段人群发锰较高。In order to understand the distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk of manganese （Mn） in the main river watershed areas of Shenyang, the samples of surface water, groundwater, sediments, soils, crops, and human hairs were collected, and their Mn concentration was determined. In surface soil samples, the mean Mn concentration was within the range of geochemical background value of soil Mn in the Liaohe River Plain, and lower than the Earth crust abundance. The mean Mn concentration in surface water samples was within the normal range. The Mn concentration （0.01 mg·L^-1） in the drinking water at its source site met the requirement of national standard, while that in the groundwater at several villages in the Xihe River watershed was averaged 4.17 and 2.75 mg·L^-1 in autumn and summer, respectively, both exceeding the national standard for levels Ⅲ and Ⅳ of waters. The Mn concentration in the crops and vegetables in Zhangyi region was 3-266 μg·g^-1 dry mass, possibly caused by shallow groundwater irrigation. The daily Mn intake of local inhabitants via drinking water, crops, and vegetables was less than the minimum toxic dose 0.06 mg·kg^-1 body weight·d^-1. The Mn concentration in the human hairs from the inhabitants in the villages near Xihe River watershed was averaged 24.6 μg·g^-1, being three times higher than the normal Chinese hair Mn concentration （1.3-9.8 μg·g^-1）. The women’s mean hair Mn concentration was one-fold greater than the men’s, and the 20-30 years old group’s mean hair Mn concentration was higher than the other age groups’.

关 键 词：锰 沈阳 河流 地下水 农作物 

分 类 号：X820[环境科学与工程—环境工程]