水稻田磷素径流流失形态变化特征的模拟研究  

The Fraction of Phosphorus Loss in Runoff under Simulated Rainfall Conditions in Paddy Soil

作　　者：臧玲[1] 姚静华[1] 田光明[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境工程系,杭州310029

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第4期12-15,21,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"973"资助项目(2002CB410807)

摘　　要：通过对一系列含有不同磷水平的原状土室内模拟磷素流失的方法,在同一降雨强度下,分别研究了不施用磷肥时不同磷含量的土壤径流磷流失和施用磷肥24 h后的径流磷流失量,以及区分土壤本身不同水平的残余磷和新施入的肥料磷对径流流失磷的贡献。结果表明：在所有处理中,施肥量、土壤残余磷与总磷流失均呈正相关关系;溶解反应磷（DRP）是总溶解磷（TDP）的主要成分,而TDP占总磷（TP）的60%以上,是流失磷的主要形态,溶解性难反应态磷（DUP）只占流失总磷的1.2%~4.6%,但实际浓度在OP2有机处理中达到0.28 mg/L,这部分磷不易下沉,特别是施肥后短期内的降雨径流,可能导致DUP流失量大大增加。与不施肥试验相比,施入无机肥后,DRP、TDP量均显著增加,所占流失总磷的相对比例也明显增加,相对应的TPP、DUP占总流失磷的相对比例则依次减少;而与无机肥处理相比,有机肥处理的OP1、OP2变化则不同,DUP占TP的相对比例显著增加,达到4.4%和4.6%,但其它形态磷所占相对比例则略有减少。此外,线性回归分析表明了土壤新施入的磷肥是流失负荷中磷的主要来源。The effects of applications rate of fertilizer or manure after 24 h and residual phosphorus in the soil on the fraction of P loss by runoff in paddy soil were studied with simulated rainfall in situ soil pot experiment in the same rain intensity（80 mm/h）.The results showed that P loss increased with applications fertilizer or manure and residual phosphorus of the soil,with most occurring as total dissolved P（TDP） account for more than 60% of total P;The proportion of dissolved unreactive P（DUP） were not high,but the absolutely amount can not be ignored.The highest amount of DUP was 0.28 mg/L in the OP2 treatment（higer manure application）.In comparison with IP1-C and IP2-C of group 1（without application of fertilizer）,DRP/TP,TDP/TP increased remarkably after using inorganic fertilizer in IP1 and IP2 treatments of group2.However,TPP/TP and DUP/TP decreased relatively in these treatments.Meanwhile,in the organic treatments,DUP/TP climbed to 4.4%,4.6% in OP1 and OP2 from 3.6%,3.9% in OP1-C and OP2-C respectively.The linear regression equation analysis demonstrated that new applied fertilizer and manure are the main source of runoff P rather than residual P.

关 键 词：水稻土 模拟降雨 总磷 径流 溶解难反应态磷 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X522[农业科学—农业基础科学]