施用鸡粪后土壤中磷的淋溶损失特征研究  

Leaching Characteristics of Various Phosphorus in Paddy Soil with Application of Chicken Manure

作　　者：杨苞梅[1] 宋玉萍[1,2] 李国良[1] 卢维盛[2] 姚丽贤[1] 何兆桓[1] 周昌敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第4期16-21,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：广东省科技攻关项目(2006B20601010);广东省重大科技专项项目(2007B080401019;2008A080401008)

摘　　要：采用室内土柱淋溶模拟试验,研究了施用鸡粪的华南水稻土中各形态磷的淋失特征。结果表明：①总可溶性磷（TDP）占总磷（TP）的比例高达59.2%~77.6%,总可溶性无机磷（DIP）占TDP的比例为61.4%~83.0%。可见研究土壤中磷主要以总可溶性磷形态向下迁移淋失,可溶性无机磷是迁移总可溶性磷的主要组分。②随着淋洗次数的增加,各处理淋洗液TP浓度逐渐下降,而TDP、DIP和总可溶性有机磷浓度（DOP）浓度则呈现下降-增加-下降的特点。③各土层淋洗液TP、TDP、DIP及DOP浓度随着鸡粪用量的增大而提高。因此,在生产中一次性施用鸡粪量不宜过大,否则会增加磷素淋失的风险。④适量添加沸石或硫酸亚铁能有效降低土壤中磷素向下迁移淋失。⑤各土层TP、TDP和DIP淋失风险大小顺序为25-50 cm土层〉0-25 cm土层〉50-75 cm土层。表明可溶性磷在0-50 cm土壤剖面中有较强向下迁移的能力,但50 cm以下迁移能力较弱。A soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the leaching characteristics of phosphorus in paddy soil,from south China,with application chicken manure.The results indicated that： ①Total dissolved phosphorus（TP） accounted for 61.1%～79.5% of the total P in the leachates,and the dissolved inorganic phosphorus accounted for 61.4%～83.0% of the total dissolved phosphorus.Therefore,total dissolved phosphorus was the primary P of downward migration,and most of total dissolved phosphorus was the total dissolved phosphorus.②The concentrations of TP in the leachates for all treatments decreased continuously,but the concentrations of TDP,DIP and DOP showed the characteristic of decrease-increase-decrease,along with increase of leaching sequence.③The concentrations of TP in the leachates from all soil layers increased along with the increasing of chicken manure application rates.Therefore,the application rate of chicken manure should not be too high in productive practice at one time,or the risk of P loss by leaching will be increase.④Combinated application of chicken manure and zeolite or ferrite can effectively reduce the risk of P loss by leaching as well.⑤The order of the risk of P loss by leaching of TP,TDP and DIP in all layer is 25-50 cm 0-25 cm 50-75 cm.It indicated that the dissolved phosphorus has the strong ability of downward migration in the 0-50 cm soil profile,but the ability to be weak below 50 cm.

关 键 词：鸡粪 土壤磷 淋失 

分 类 号：S153.5[农业科学—土壤学]