内蒙古农牧交错区农耕地土壤风蚀规律的风洞试验研究  

Study on Changing Laws of Soil Wind Erosion by Wind Tunnel Experiment in Agro-pastoral Area of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：和继军[1,2,3] 唐泽军[4] 蔡强国[3] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学初等教育学院,北京100048 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第4期35-39,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“973”重点基础研究发展计划资助(2007CB407207);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金(10501-251)

摘　　要：该研究采用室内风洞试验,在不同风速、坡度及土壤含水量条件下,对两种不同质地土壤的风蚀规律进行了研究。研究结果表明,土壤风蚀量随风速的增加而增加,并存在临界风速,当风速大于此临界值时风蚀量急剧增加,但土壤的质地不同,其风蚀量增大的幅度亦不相同;同时两种土壤的风蚀量存在临界坡度,当吹蚀坡度超过此临界值时风蚀量随着坡度的变化又增加变为减少,壤土的临界坡度为20°,砂壤土10°。增加土壤含水量可以显著降低土壤的风蚀量,对于扰动土,壤土和砂壤土均存在一个5%的临界土壤含水量,当土壤含水量大于临界值时,两者的风蚀量随着含水量的增加而减少的程度明显增强,且壤土的风蚀量总体上高于砂壤土。对于未扰动土,壤土和砂壤土的风蚀量随土壤含水量的降低而增加的趋势均不明显,特别是对于壤土,当土壤含水量相同时扰动土的风蚀量明显大于未扰动土的风蚀量,说明减少表层土壤的扰动可以显著抑制土壤风蚀的强度。By the room wind tunnel experiment,the change processes of soil wind erosion on two kinds of soil came from the agro-pastoral area of Inner Mongolia are studied considering the wind velocity,blown angle of wind and soil water content.The studied results showed the amount of soil wind erosion increases with the increase of wind velocity,and having a threshold wind velocity,when the wind velocity exceeds the threshold value,the soil wind erosion increased suddenly,but the different soil has different critical wind velocity;at the same time in the constant wind velocity,there is critical soil slope,when the soil slope exceeds the critical value,the change rule of soil wind erosion is from increasing to falling,the different soil has different critical soil slope,and loam soil and sandy loam soil are 10° and 20° respectively.Soil wind content has a good control of soil wind erosion.For treatment one,there is a critical soil water content with 5% for two soils,when soil moisture is larger than the critical value,soil wind erosion of two soils dramatically decrease with the increase of soil water content,and wind erosion amount of loam is more than sandy loam.For treatment two,the increasing trends of wind erosion for two soils with the falling of soil water content are no significant,especially for loam soil,and in the same soil water content,the wind erosion of two soils in treatment one is significantly higher than treatment two,this indicates reducing the disturbance of soil surface can evidently control the soil wind erosion.

关 键 词：农牧交错区 土壤风蚀 临界坡度 风洞试验 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]