放牧对肃南山地草原土-草-畜养分及有效态微量元素的影响  

Study on Influence of Grazing to Nutrient and Available Trace Elements in the Soil-Grass-Animal on the Mountain Grassland of Su'nan

作　　者：杨红善[1] 常根柱[1] 周学辉[1] 苗小林[1] 路远[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2010年第4期103-107,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(中国农科院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所)(BRF100202);全球环境基金(GEF)项目"放牧利用与草原退化关系研究"(赠款号:052456CHA-GS-Y-2)

摘　　要：以肃南裕固族自治县山地草原为研究对象,分别研究了禁牧区与放牧区土壤养分、地表植被营养成分及土壤、植被和家畜有效态微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Na含量及各指标间的相互关系。结果表明:土壤有机质、土壤有效养分含量0-30 cm土层平均值禁牧区显著高于放牧区,其中有效磷和钾尤为突出,并以11-30 cm土层变幅较大,且各处理间差异显著(P<0.05),土壤有效态微量元素,除有效态Fe外,其他4种微量元素禁牧区明显高于放牧区。地表牧草有效态微量元素,均表现为禁牧区明显高于放牧区,且部分值高出1倍以上。家畜有效态微量元素,Mn元素未检测出,其他各元素在家畜体内的积累由高到低的顺序为:牦牛>绵羊>山羊,各元素在家畜体内的含量顺序依次是:Na>Fe>Zn>Cu。肃南县对草地资源的开发利用一直处于粗放状态,山地草原超载过牧极为严重,已成河西走廊西段草地退化较为严重的区域。本研究测定的土壤、植被、家畜基本数据对退化严重的肃南县山地草原恢复治理提供了重要的基础数据。This paper analyzes the correlations between the contents of soil nutrient,grass nutrient and available trace elements including iron（Fe）,manganese（Mn）,zinc（Zn）,copper（Cu） and（Na） of soil,grass and animal in the grazing and no-grazing areas in the mountain grassland of Su＇nan.The results indicated that： The soil organic matter and available nutrient contents of no-grazing area were significantly greater than grazing area,what outstandingly is a series of available P and K.All available trace elements contents were no-grazing area greater than grazing area except available trace element Fe.The grass available trace element also no-grazing area greater than grazing area.Animal available trace element in a sequence of yaksheepgoat.The accumulation of available trace in a sequence of NaFeZnCuMn in the body of animal.The exploitation and utilization of grassland resources was unreasonable,the actual animal number of the grasslands is too high,many reasons lead to grassland degradation greatly.Measurement of the basic data provide the important information for restoration succession of Su＇nan degenerated steppe.

关 键 词：土壤 牧草 家畜 有效态微量元素 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]