血吸虫病生态学及其中国疫区分类的地理解释  

ECOLOGY OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND GEOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION ON CLASSIFICATION OF THE EPIDEMIC AREAS IN CHINA

作　　者：赵安[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学地理与环境学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2010年第8期959-963,共5页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"鄱阳湖区域血吸虫病易感地带的空间模拟"(项目号:40861021)

摘　　要：血吸虫病医学地理学与血吸虫病空间流行病学研究涉及到大量与血吸虫及其寄生宿主有关的生态环境知识与参数,这些方面为从地理学角度解释过去由实践经验和调查总结得到的中国血吸虫病疫区分类提供了丰富的信息。参阅了大量有关方面的研究成果,系统分析总结了血吸虫生活史中与生态环境关系密切的虫卵、毛蚴、尾蚴阶段和寄生宿主钉螺、哺乳动物的生态特点与流行机理。结果认为:生态环境条件能同时满足血吸虫及其寄生宿主的生态要求是血吸虫病流行传播的基本条件,血吸虫生活史的大部分时间都在终宿主哺乳动物和中间宿主钉螺体内度过,钉螺生态条件的苛刻性是血吸虫病流行传播空间分异的主要原因,钉螺的空间分异规律与特征成为血吸虫病疫区类型的划分的主要依据。最后从地理学角度分析了钉螺孳生地有关地理环境因子(植被、土壤、地貌、高程、水文、水力因子)之间的相互关系。结论是:大的地貌类型决定了不同的水文条件,从而形成不同的钉螺空间分布格局,结果产生了不同的血吸虫病易感地带分布特点,最终决定了血吸虫病疫区的类型,与中国卫生部地方病防治司的分类结果一致。Medical geography and spatial epidemiology of schistosomiasis involve plenty of the knowledge and the parameters on the ecological environments of schistosome and its parasites,which provide abundant information for geographical interpretation on classification of the epidemic areas in China that was formulated by practical experiences and field survey in past decades.This paper consulted substantial research publications,systematically summarized and analyzed the ecological characteristics of the schistosome at different life cycle phases（egg,miracidia,cercaria）that has direct relations with ecological environments and its parasites（snails and mammals）.Results show that concurrent meeting the ecological needs of both the schistosome and its parasites was the basic conditions for schistosomiasis transmission;most of the life time of the schistosome was spent in the bodies of the terminal parasite（mammals）and the intermediate parasite（snails）,the demanding needs of snails for ecological conditions was the key to spatial variation of schistosomiasis transmission,thus the features of snail spatial distribution became the main foundation for classification of the epidemic areas.Finally inter-relations among the geographic factors（vegetation,soil,geomorphology,altitude,hydrology and hydraulics）of snail habitats were analyzed from geographic point of view.The conclusion was that large-scale geomorphology created different hydrological types and different spatial pattern of snail distribution that result in different schistosomiasis-susceptible zones,and ultimately determined different schistosomiasis epidemicity types.The result was consistent with the classification scenario made by the Department of Endemic Prevention of State Health Ministry of China.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 环境生态 中国疫区分类 地理解释 

分 类 号：S858.235.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]