N_2激光和氮离子注入对小麦一些性状的影响  

The Influence of N_2 Laser and Nitrogen ion Implantation on Some Characters in Common Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

作　　者：张利华[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院作物研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《种子》1999年第3期15-17,共3页Seed

摘　　要：以粉质、中杆、无芒小麦辐36为材料，分别用N2激光、氮离子注入和Co60－γ射线三种诱变因素处理，对第二代植株高度有影响，经前二者处理的对株高有提高趋势，氮离子注入的，二代出现高杆植株占72.6％，1焦耳N2激光处理的在二代中有45．5％是高杆，Co60－γ射线处理的M2株高明显变矮，79cm以下的单株占总株数中46.3％；在芒性变异上出现顶芒和长芒类型．处理间诱变效果顺序为γ射线＞1焦耳N2激光＞0．5焦耳N激光≈氮离子注入；在籽粒质地变异上出现半角质和角质类型，其中N2激光对籽粒质地影响较大，有65.7％～77.3％植株籽粒是角质，氮离子注入的二代角质株占45．2％，γ射线二代角质株占42．9％。对三代突变株农艺性状比较认为：γ射线诱发矮杆突变效果最好，并且后代稳定快，N2激光和氮离子注入对诱发高产性状突变较有效。Dry seeds of Fu 36, an awnless common wheat variety of soft texture and medium stature (80- 89cm),were treated with N2laser, nitrogen ionimplantation and Co60-γ-ray to study the effects of these mutagens on some characters. The results showed thatevident variations in plant height were produced in M2generation. There were 72. 6 % and 45. 5 % tall-stalked plants in M2 popula-tions derived from nitrogen ion implantation and N2 laser treatment with one joule respectively, and there was 46. 3% short stalkedplants in M2 population from Co60-γ-ray treatment. In terms of awn, tip-awn and long-awn mutants were induced with the mutagenicefficiency being γ-ray＞1 j2 laser＞0. 5 j N2 laser≈nitrogen ion implantation. In addition, semihard and hard grain texture mutationswere obtained in M2 generation. There were 65. 7 % - 77. 3 % hard grain texture plants in M2 poputation for 0. 5 j N2 laser treatment45. 2% for nitrogen ion implantation, and 42. 9% for γ-ray radiation. It was believed through surveying ageronomic traits of mu-tants in M2 generation that γ-ray treatment induced short-statured mutations more effectively than the others and the mutagens gotto stability quickly, whereas N2 laser and nitrogen ion implantation could be preferably used for induction of mutations of yield-re-lated traites.

关 键 词：N2激光 氮离子注入 小麦 诱变因素 诱变效应 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]