不同物料及配比对设施土壤与番茄产量、品质的影响  

Effects of Different Materials and Their Mixtures on Growth and Yield of Tomato and Soil in Greenhouse

作　　者：沙海宁[1] 孙权[1] 周明[1] 郭鑫年[1] 张晓娟[1] 魏乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《长江蔬菜》2010年第16期54-58,共5页Journal of Changjiang Vegetables

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2007BAD57B04);宁夏林业局科技攻关项目(2007-01号);宁夏教育厅项目(08-21)

摘　　要：研究了有机肥、化肥、青沙等不同物料及配比对二代日光节能温室内土壤营养状况,番茄生长、产量及品质的影响。研究结果表明,施有机肥的土壤pH值和容重显著降低,土壤全盐、有机质、速效氮、磷、钾、田间持水量和总孔隙度均增加;单施化肥的,土壤pH值和容重也显著降低,除土壤田间持水量外,全盐、有机质,速效氮、磷、钾,总孔隙度均增加。在施有机肥的基础上进一步配施化肥和沙子等物料,全盐、速效氮、磷、钾均显著增加。化肥和有机肥施用都显著提高了土壤磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,显著增加了番茄的株高和冠幅,最终显著增产;化肥加沙和有机肥加沙处理增加了土壤通气性,显著促进了茎粗的增长,有利于植株健壮;不同物料处理下番茄果实中可溶性糖显著增加,总酸度显著下降,糖酸比显著增大,改善了番茄的风味,尤其是在化肥和有机肥配合并掺和沙子的情况下,番茄VC含量最高,但也显著增加了番茄的硝态氮含量。Field experiments were adopted to study the effects of different materials and their mixtures on soil properties, growth, yield and quality of tomato in secondary generation greenhouse of Ningxia. The results showed that soil pH and bulk density was significantly decreased but soil total salt, available N, P and K, as well as total porosity was increased under organic and inorganic fertilizer application. Field capacity was significantly decreased for organic fertilization but for inorganic fertilization. Soil total salt, available N, P and K also was increased under application the mixture of organic, inorganic fertilizer and fine sand particles. Soil phosphatase, urease, and invertase activities, as well as height, width of shoots and thus yield of tomato were increased after applied organic and inorganic fertilizer. Stem thick was significantly promoted due to increased soil porosity by application mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizer with fine sand. Increased solvable sugar content but decreased total acidity of tomato significantly augment ratio of sugar and acidity duo to the application of different materials, which improve the quality of tomato. Both VC and NO3：N content was promoted by application the mixtures of organic and inorganic fertilizer with sandy soil.

关 键 词：日光温室 有机肥 化肥 沙土 土壤酶活性 番茄 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]