硫酸/硝酸摩尔比对苯硝化反应影响的实验研究  

Experimental investigation on nitration of benzene at different molar ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid

作　　者：周学林[1] 何晨晨[1] 张恺[1] 曹长青[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学化工学院,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《青海大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第4期12-15,52,共5页Journal of Qinghai University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20676064);山东省泰山学者建设工程项目(JS200510036)

摘　　要：本文在内径0.15 m,高0.375 m,体积0.006 5 m3的无挡板玻璃反应器中对苯硝化反应过程进行了研究。研究结果表明：硝基苯在酸相中的溶解度与硫酸/硝酸摩尔比有直接关系。随着硫酸/硝酸摩尔比增大,硝基苯在酸相中的溶解度明显增大,表面张力逐渐减小。当硫酸/硝酸摩尔比为3.8~4.7时,1,3-二硝基苯的收率非常低。当硫酸/硝酸摩尔比大于5.3时,随摩尔比增大,1,3-二硝基苯在酸相中的浓度和收率迅速增加。随硫酸浓度增大,硝酸转化率明显增大。The nitration of benzene in an unbaffled glass reactor with 0.15 m in diameter,0.375 m in height and 0.0065 m3 with capacity was investigated systemically in our experiments.The results showed that solubility of nitrobenzene in the acid phase depended strongly on the molar ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.As the molar ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid increased,the solubility increased tremendously.The surface tension,however,decreased with increase in the molar ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.It was also found from experiments that the yield of 1,3-Dinitrobenzene was very low as the molar ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid was from 3.8 to 4.7.When the molar ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid was more than 5.3,the yield and concentration of 1,3-Dinitrobenzene in the aqueous phase were increased tremendously with increasing the molar ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid.The conversion of nitric acid increased signifucantly with the increase of sulfuric acid concentration.

关 键 词：苯硝化 1 3-二硝基苯 混酸 硝化剂 收率 

分 类 号：TQ426.94[化学工程]