两个砂梨品种黑皮病敏感性的生理特性比较  

The Comparison of Superficial Scald Sensitivities Related Fruit Physiological Characteristics between Two Sandy Pear Varieties

作　　者：李慧[1,2] 丛郁[3] 盛宝龙[1] 蔺经[1] 常有宏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2010年第4期796-801,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化基金项目(2008GB2C100100);江苏省科技基础设施建设计划(BM2008008);江苏省农业科学院科研基金项目(6110816)

摘　　要：为研究早熟砂梨品种翠冠和西子绿果实黑皮病抗性差异与采后果皮生理变化的关系。在低温(2℃)贮藏条件下比较黑皮病发病情况、α-法尼烯、共轭三烯、超氧阴离子(O.2-)、过氧化氢(H2O2)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等果皮生理指标的变化。结果表明:贮藏于低温条件下的翠冠果实,14 d出现明显的黑皮病症状,42 d病情指数达到了66.3;而西子绿果实无黑皮病症状出现。低温贮藏期间,翠冠果皮中α-法尼烯和共轭三烯含量、共轭三烯的增加速度、O.2-生成速率和H2O2含量均明显高于西子绿。翠冠和西子绿果皮抗氧化酶SOD、POD、APX和CAT的活性变化规律相同,但变化幅度存在差异。2品种SOD、POD和APX活性都在贮藏14 d时达到峰值,随后开始下降;在此过程中,2品种SOD活性相近,POD和APX活性差异逐渐减少。同时2品种CAT活性贮藏14 d后持续下降,翠冠CAT活性低于西子绿,且下降速度远远快于后者。早熟砂梨不同黑皮病敏感性品种果皮中O2.-的生成速率和H2O2含量、POD和CAT活性存在显著差异,而α-法尼烯和共轭三烯含量、共轭三烯的氧化速度是决定果实黑皮病发生与否的关键因素。The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between superficial scald resistance differences and fruit skin physiological characteristics after harvest in Cuiguang and Xizilü,two early maturity sandy pear varieties.After 0 week,2 weeks,4 weeks and 6 weeks of storage at 2 ℃,the superficial scald incidence,contents of α-farnesene,conjugated trienols and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,superoxide anion（O2·-） generating rate and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD）,ascorbate peroxidase（APX）,catalase（CAT） were monitored in skin tissues of the two sandy pear varieties,respectively.The results showed that obvious superficial scald symptoms appeared in Cuiguan at 2 weeks of storage and its disease index reached 66.3 at 6 weeks of storage,while none symptoms occurred in Xizilü throughout the cold storage period.Moreover,contents of α-farnesene,conjugated trienols and H2O2,generating rates of conjugated trienols and O2·-were higher in Cuiguan.The activities of antioxidant enzymes,such as SOD,POD,APX,and CAT,shared the same change trend between Cuiguan and Xizilü,however,with various ranges.The activities of SOD,POD and APX reached their peaks at 2 weeks of storage and then declined.The SOD activities were nearly similar between the two cultivars,while the differences of POD and APX activities between Cuiguan and Xizilü gradually declined following time shifting.The CAT activity kept on decreasing in both two cultivars,yet it was lower in Cuiguan The results suggest that O2·-generating rate,H2O2 content and the activities of POD and CAT showed significant differences between two varieties of early maturity sandy pear which have different sensitivities of superfcial scald.It is worth pointing out that the contents of α-farnesene and conjugated trienols,and α-farnesene oxidation rate were the key factors which was critical to superficial scald incidence.

关 键 词：砂梨 黑皮病 Α-法尼烯 共轭三烯 活性氧 抗氧化酶活性 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]