重金属铬、铜、汞通过嗅觉通路神经毒性的实验研究  

THE NEUROTOXIC EFFECT OF HEAVY METAL ION COPPER, HYDRARG AND CHROME TO MICE THROUGH OLFACTORY PATHWAY

作　　者：牛利华[1] 胡庆东[1] 李光武[1] 彭诗宇[1] 刘利茵[1] 吴问全[2] 田杨超[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学神经生物学研究所,合肥230032 [2]中国科技大学国家同步辐射实验室

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2010年第17期3305-3309,3312,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30470904);安徽省自然科学基金(090413145);国家同步辐射实验室"教育部创新计划"同步辐射研究生创新基金

摘　　要：[目的]探讨几种重金属通过嗅觉通路在脑内的沉积及其对小鼠行为学的影响。[方法]昆明鼠经Lash-leyⅢH-W水迷宫筛选后,剔除学习记忆差的小鼠,通过滴鼻慢性给药的途径,用水迷宫、洞板、自主活动箱测定小鼠的给药前后行为学的改变,同时与空白对照组和灌胃组进行用药前后对比,并利用同步辐射技术,观察小鼠脑部的形态学改变。[结果]①重铬酸钾滴鼻组用药前后洞板探索行为有明显变化(P﹤0.05),氯化汞滴鼻组和空白滴鼻组用药前后无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);②几组重金属给药组与空白滴鼻对照组用药前后相比较,神经系统的兴奋性较用药前相比有所增加,其中重铬酸钾滴鼻组和硫酸铜滴鼻组较为明显(P﹤0.01);③重铬酸钾滴鼻组小鼠和硫酸铜滴鼻组小鼠用药后上台潜伏期与用药前相比有所增长(P﹤0.01),靶象限活动时间百分比、穿台次数减少、游泳速度有所减慢;④HE染色和同步辐射观察显示重铬酸钾滴鼻组海马部位神经元肿胀明显,空泡变性,可见胶质水肿,部分细胞坏死,并可见呈筛状的坏死灶,胞质中一些区域透光增加。[结论]这几种重金属能够通过嗅觉通路沉积于脑,并能通过嗅觉途径改变小鼠的行为学。[Objective] To study the influence of certain heavy metal ions on the ability of learning and memory of Kunming mice through olfactory pathway and their deposit place in brain. [Methods] The mice were screened by LashleyⅢH-W water maze, chronic nasal administration of heavy metal ion copper, hydrarg or chrome was carried out to the mice with normal ability of learning and memory. The neurobehavioral differences before and after heavy metal ions nasal administration were evaluated by water maze test, hole-board test, autonomic activities test. Mice chronic nasal administration of water and intragastric administration of identical heavy metal ion were used as controls. Synchrotron radiation was employed to observe the morphology of the mice brains. [Results] ① Hole-board test indicated chrome nasal administration group had obvious variations in exploratory behavior （P﹤0.05）, hydrarg and control group had no obvious variations （P﹥0.05）; ② Autonomic activities test indicated heavy metal ion administration groups had obvious increase in nervous excitation compared with control group, especially chrome and copper administration groups; ③ Mouse water maze test （escape latency） indicated that chrome and copper administration groups’s eclipse period increased, the ability of learning and memory slowed down comparing with the blank control group; ④ Synchrotron radiation and HE indicated hippocampus neuron swelling and degeneration, necrosis. [Conclusion] It approves that the heavy metal ion can be absorbed through olfactory epithelium and enter in brain by axoplasmic transport and the heavy metal ion has its own effect on mice’s nervous system which change the mice’s ability of learning and memory and they can deposit in brain through olfactory pathway.

关 键 词：重金属 嗅觉通路 同步辐射 神经毒性 

分 类 号：R595.2[医药卫生—内科学]