西北内陆河流域的水循环特征及生态学意义  

The characteristics of water cycle and its ecological functions for inland river basin in northwestern China

作　　者：司书红[1] 朱高峰[1,2] 苏永红[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学数理与软件工程学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2010年第9期37-44,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(No:08XJY009);国家自然科学基金项目(No:40701054)资助

摘　　要：水资源已从自然资源跃升为国家关键性、基础性战略资源,我国被联合国列为13个贫水国之一,占国土面积1/3的内陆河流域先天性的资源缺陷叠加不合理的利用使得水问题成为内陆河流域经济发展和环境保护的关键性问题。中国西北内陆河流域独特的山区降水集流、绿洲集约转化、荒漠耗散消失的水文循环和水资源分配机理,形成了山区以森林、草甸为主体的山地生态系统和平原以绿洲、过渡带、荒漠渐次交错为圈层的平原生态系统;反过来,生态系统又维系着与其息息相关的水循环系统,两者相互依存、相互作用和相互发展,形成了西北内陆河流域独特的水循环-生态复合系统;并以塔里木河、黑河、石羊河流域为例,论述了流域尺度的水资源开发利用现状、存在问题及生态环境变迁机制,并提出水-生态-经济和谐可持续发展的对策。The formation of water resource in mountain areas,and scatter and disappear of water resources in plain areas are unique water cycle characteristics of the inland river basins in northwest China. The water cycle is generating and accompanying as well as coexistence with ecological systems by various ecological functions. The ecosystem is closely related to water cycle. An inland river basin can be viewed as a water cycle-ecology composite system. The Tarim River,Heihe River and Shiyang River are the typical inland river basins in China. Taking them as examples,we stated water,ecological and management problems in these basins. The sustainable development strategies of water-ecology-economy system of the inland river basin were suggested,which are helpful for exploiting water resources and protecting eco-environment.

关 键 词：内陆河流域 水循环 水-生态-经济 人类活动 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]