黄河中游输沙与减沙的时空分异特征  

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Sediment Discharge and Sediment Reduction in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：马丽梅[1] 王万忠[1,2] 焦菊英[1,2] 简金世[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第4期67-72,77,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目课题"黄土高原水土流失综合防治技术研究"(2006BAD09B10);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目"中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与调控研究"课题"区域水土流失过程与趋势分析"(2007CB407203)

摘　　要：利用黄河中游主要水文站输沙量数据和48个雨量站降雨数据,分析了黄河中游1955年以来输沙与减沙特征,以及降雨与人类活动对输沙量变化的影响。结果表明:1955-2007年黄河中游输沙量总体呈下降趋势,20世纪70年代后较70年代前减沙46.8%,其中减幅较大的有汾河99.8%、岚漪河73.9%、州川河71.9%、三川河70.3%;退耕还林还草时期(1998-2007年)输沙量下降趋势最为明显,较70年代前减沙74.2%,除黄浦川、孤山川、佳芦河、屈产河、清涧河、延水之外,黄河中游大多数流域达到轻度侵蚀及以下;降雨因素和人类活动对输沙量变化的贡献率分别为37.6%和62.4%。In the present study,the characteristic of sediment discharge,sediment reduction and the influence of human activities and rainfall on the sediment discharge in the past 50years（since 1955）were analyzed based on the data collected from 48rainfall stations and the main hydrometric stations in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The results showed that sediment discharge has been decreasing totally from 1955to 2007,it reduced by 46.8%relative to sediment yield before 1970.The reduction rates which were greater than 70%were Lanyihe（73.9%）,Sanchuanhe（70.3%）and Zhouchuanhe（71.9%）.In different controlled periods,the reduction during the period of conversion of cropland into forestland（1998-2007）is the most obvious and sediment reduction rate is 74.2%relative to the sediment yield before 1970.Soil erosion intensities of the most of tributaries became the light erosion and below light erosion,except Huangpuchuan,Gushanchuan,Jialuhe,Quchanhe,Qingjianhe and Yanshui.The contribution rates of rainfall and human activities to sediment reduction were 37.6%and 62.4%,respectively.

关 键 词：黄河中游 退耕还林 输沙量 减沙幅度 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]