以生态补偿实现水土资源开发的帕累托最优  

Achieving Pareto Optimality in Exploitation of Water and Land Sources by Green Compensation

作　　者：张燕[1] 张洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210093

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第4期109-113,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40771186);江苏省自然科学基金(BK2008277)

摘　　要："帕累托最优"在指导自然资源开发时是一个十分有用的原理,但其"无人受害"的标准过于严苛,现实中很难完全达到。可以采用补偿方式来使很多十分必要却有部分人会因此受损的开发得以进行。但给予补偿的不能仅限于经济福利,还应包括生态福利,这样的补偿便是生态补偿。在流域水资源开发时,下游获利地区应给予上游受损地区一些必要的补偿;为保护环境与维持生态平衡,土地非农流转中除了给予经济补偿外,还应实施生态补偿。只要在实践中逐步实施生态补偿,就一定能实现资源开发的帕累托最优。The principle of Pareto optimality is a very useful theory to guide people for more rational exploitation of natural resources.However,the criterion of Pareto optimality indicates strictly that nobody comes to harm.Such criterion is very rigorous and is difficult to be adopted in practice.In order to benefit most people and to prevent some people from losing,compensation is a good way to inspire the exploitation of natural resources.The compensation should be included both economic welfare and ecologic welfare.Such compensation is called the green compensation.When we distribute the water and soil resources in the catchment basin,some necessary compensation should be given by people who earn profit in the downriver area to people who suffer from losses in the upriver area.And when land use changes from farm land to construction land some ecologic loss and damages should be claimed in order to maintain ecological balance and to protect the ecological environment besides necessary economic compensation.So long as we consider the green compensation and put the compensation in practice step by step,Pareto optimality in exploitation of natural resources will achieve.

关 键 词：帕累托最优 生态补偿 自然资源 开发 

分 类 号：F323.21[经济管理—产业经济]