黄土高原人工植被对局地小气候影响的效应研究  

A Study on Microclimate Impacts of Artificial Vegetation on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：徐丽萍[1,2] 杨改河[3,2] 冯永忠[3,2] 杜英[2] 韩新辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学师范学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵712100 [3]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2010年第4期170-175,179,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30971695);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCSX200808)

摘　　要：研究人工植被对局地小气候影响的效应,是评价人工林草工程生态效应的主要表征之一。利用定点观测的方法,对安塞县退耕地上建立的人工植被和撂荒形成的自然植被群落进行了大气温湿状况、土壤水热状况等小气候特征的观测分析,并以裸露农地为对照,比较人工植被和撂荒植被对小气候的影响效应。结果表明:退耕还林营造人工林后,下垫面的变化引起局地水热循环的变化,具体表现为降温效应、增湿效应、改土效应和阻风效应,尤其是在植被生长旺盛的夏季,人工植被区近地层1.0m处日均气温明显下降,低于撂荒植被区2.2℃;日均相对空气湿度增大,高于撂荒植被区1.97%;日平均风速降低,日均减风效益高于撂荒植被区28%,同时,土壤导热性能提高,土壤物理性质得到改良。局地小气候环境的改善,说明人工林草工程这一措施对脆弱生态的恢复改造有明显的效果。To evaluate the environmental effect of Artificial Forestry-grass Ecological Projects,the microclimate of artificial vegetation was studied by fixed observation in Ansai.Artificial vegetation and natural vegetation were selected to measure meteorological factors of near-surface layer such as the dynamic and waterheat condition of air,the water-heat condition of soil,and at the same time to make comparative observation at adjacent open sloping field.The results were abtained as follows：the returning farmland into forest and grassland could cause the responses of underlying conditions,vegetation-island effect such as temperature dropping,humectation effects under the summer weather conditions exists.Compared with natural vegetation,the diumal air temperature reduced 2.2℃,the air relative humidity increased 1.97%,the wind speed was weaker and the soil condition was better.The improvement of microclimatic conditions is one of main characters to show the environment impact of artificial vegetation restoration.

关 键 词：人工植被 退耕地 小气候效应 黄土高原 

分 类 号：P461.7[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]