土壤水分状况对麻疯树幼苗光合作用、超微结构和生理特征的影响  

Effects of Soil Water Condition on Photosynthesis,Ultrastructure and Physiological Characteristics of Jatropha curcas L.Seedlings

作　　者：焦娟玉[1,2] 刘裕[1,3] 尹春英[1] 陈珂[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所生态恢复重点实验室,成都610041 [2]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,绵阳621010 [3]四川农业大学林学院,雅安625000

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2010年第4期483-488,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2007BAD50B01);国家自然科学基金项目(No.40701181)资助~~

摘　　要：在控制试验条件下通过盆栽试验设置3个土壤水分[分别为田间持水量(FC)的80%、50%和30%]处理,研究土壤水分状况对麻疯树幼苗光合作用、超微结构及生理特征的影响.结果表明:土壤含水量为80%FC时,麻疯树叶片净光合速率(Pn)、光合色素含量、稳定碳同位素比率(δ^(13)C)、N含量和水分利用效率(WUE)最低;丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量、气孔导度(gs)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)最高;叶肉细胞超微结构显示,叶绿体内部形成较大的淀粉粒,挤压严重.土壤含水量为50%FC时,MDA和H_2O_2含量、gs、Ci和Tr显著地高于30%FC处理,而叶片N含量和δ^(13)C与30%FC处理无显著差异.土壤含水量为30%FC时,Pn、光合色素含量、叶片N含量和WUE最大,MDA和H_2O_2含量最低;叶绿体内部淀粉粒和嗜饿颗粒体积较小,内部结构清晰可见,叶绿体膜结构完整.考虑到麻疯树是主要以种子为经济价值的树种,结合四川攀西地区的土壤养分状况,土壤湿度应控制在田间持水量的30%～50%左右,此时麻疯树光合作用最强,叶片N含量最高,WUE最大,将更有利于其生长结实,而过多的土壤水分可能会导致其徒长.The photosynthesis,ultrastructure and physiological characteristics of Jatropha curcas L.seedlings were investigated with different soil water contents（80%,50%and 30%of field capacity（FC））in pots.The results indicated that under 80%FC,the net photosynthesis rate（Pn）,content of chlorophyll pigment,stable carbon isotope ratio（δ^（13）C）,nitrogen（N） content and water use efficiency（WUE）of J.curcas were the lowest,while malonaldehyde（MDA）,hydrogen peroxide（H_2O_2） content,stomatal conductance（gs）,intercellular CO_2 concentration（Ci）and transpiration rate（Tr）were the highest;Larger starch grains in chloroplast were observed,and chloroplast membrane was damaged.Under 50%FC,MDA and H_2O_2 content, gs ,Ci and Tr of J.curcas were significantly higher than those under 30%FC,while N content and δ^（13）C were nearly as same as those under 30%FC.J.curcas under 30%FC had the maximal P n ,pigment content,leaf N content and WUE,and the least MDA and H_2O_2 content;Moreover,the ultrastructure of chloroplast was always in order,and there were small chloroplasts and osmiophilic granules in chloroplast under 30%FC.Based on the economic value of J.curcas mostly coming from its seed and the soil nutrient conditions of Panxi regions,it was concluded that the suitable soil water content for J.curcas plantation ranged between 30%～50%FC,under which the photosynthesis,N content and WUE of J.curcas were the highest.Excessive water supply might lead to an excessive vegetative growth because 80%FC would hurt the physiological and biochemical functions. Fig 4,Tab 1,Ref 28

关 键 词：麻疯树 土壤水分含量 光合作用 超微结构 稳定碳同位素比率 N含量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]