温室土壤磷素迁移变化特征研究  

The Migration Characteristics of Phosphorus in Greenhouse Soils

作　　者：张树金[1] 余海英[1] 李廷轩[1] 张锡洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2010年第8期1534-1541,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：四川省教育厅重点项目(2006A008);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室基金课题(055124)

摘　　要：采用野外调查采样和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了典型温室栽培地区山东寿光土壤磷素状况及其迁移变化特征。结果表明:(1)除Ca10-P外,温室土壤耕层(0～20 cm)全磷及无机磷组分含量均显著高于露地土壤,其平均含量分别为露地土壤的2.9、3.7、5.6、4.1、3.4倍和6.1倍,且以耕层累积为主,表现出明显的表聚特征,并有向下迁移的趋势;(2)在温室栽培的前期,磷素累积较快,连续种植了4～8 a时,全磷含量达到一个较高范围,为露地土壤的2～4倍,随着种植年限的继续增加,其再累积磷素的能力较差,甚至略有下降;(3)Ca8-P、Al-P和O-P是温室土壤磷素累积的主要形态,与露地土壤相比,其在0～20 cm耕层的平均增加量分别为296.5、288.5、306.0 mg.kg-1;(4)温室土壤耕层水溶性磷和速效磷的平均含量为10.9 mg.kg-1和248.4 mg.kg-1,分别为露地土壤的8.7倍和5.4倍,磷淋失并造成环境污染的可能性很大。By investigating the management of greenhouses in Shouguang,Shandong Province and analyzing soil samples of both greenhouse and open field,the contents and fractions of phosphorus in soils were studied.The results indicated that：（1）In the topsoils（0～20 cm）of the greenhouses,the contents of total phosphorus and the fractions of inorganic phosphorus（except Ca10-P）were 2.9 times,3.7 times,5.6 times,4.1 times,3.4 times and 6.1 times higher than that of the corresponding open field soils.And the maximum values were observed in the topsoi（l0～20 cm）,which displayed apparent accumulation in topsoils and tended to move downward further to the subsoil（.2）Phosphorus accumulated faster in the early stage of cultivation in the greenhouse soils.The content of the total phosphorus were 2-4-fold higher than that of the open field in greenhouses cultivated for 4 to 8 years.And the accumulation rate of phosphorus decreased as cultivating years pass by.（3）Ca8-P,Al-P,O-P were the major fractions of available phosphorus in greenhouse,with an increase of 296.5 mg.kg-1,288.5 mg.kg-1 and 306.0 mg.kg-1 over that of the open field soil（.4）The average contents of water soluble phosphorus and available phosphorus in greenhouse topsoils amounted to 10.93 mg.kg-1 and 248.40 mg.kg-1 respectively,8.7 times and 5.4 times higher than that of the open field soils.There was a great possibility of phosphorus leaching and environmental pollution.

关 键 词：温室土壤 无机磷分级 全磷 速效磷 水溶性磷 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程]