农村居民突发公共卫生事件应对能力调查分析  

Surveying the Rural Residents′ Response Ability on Public Health Emergencies.

作　　者：程庆林[1] 胡连鑫[1] 李杰[1] 徐勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]杭州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江杭州310021 [2]苏州大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2010年第8期547-549,共3页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究2007年度规划基金项目(项目编号:07JA630088)

摘　　要：探讨农村居民应对突发公共卫生事件的能力。方法:采用群组抽样调查的方法,以江苏苏州市和安徽合肥市的农村居民为研究对象,选择自行设计的调查问卷,采用面对面无记名自填方式调查,共调查2136人,运用描述性分析、Mann-Whitney u检验、t检验和单因素方差分析方法分析农村居民应对突发公共卫生事件的能力。结果:在农村居民中,高中及中专以下文化程度占90.1%(1925/2136),总体风险认知率只有26.9%,对日常急救、化学中毒急救、放射急救、食物中毒急救、烈性传染病知识的知晓率分别仅有:11.8%、6.2%、5.1%、13.3%和10.5%。文化程度越高应对突发公共卫生事件能力就越强(F=4.07,P<0.005),经济水平高地区的农村居民应对突发公共卫生事件能力要优于经济水平相对较低的地区(u=19.38,P<0.05)。结论:农村居民应对突发公共卫生事件的能力主要表现为风险意识和公共卫生知识水平等方面存在明显不足。Objective：To study the rural residents＇ response ability on public health emergencies. Methods：2136 cases of rural residents were randomly selected from Suzhou and Hefei by stratified sampling method and surveyed with self-made questionnaire. Their response ability on public health emergencies were analyzed with descriptive analysis, Mann - Whitney test, t test and F test. Results：In the rural inhabitants, 90.1% of them had degree of education lower than high school. Their general risk awareness rate was only 26.9%, awareness rate of ordinary emergency treatment, poisoning treatment, radioactive accident treatment, food poisoning treatment and infectious disease was only 11.8%, 6.2%, 5.1%, 13.3% and 10.5% respectively. It can be concluded that the higher the degree of education was, the stronger the capacity of preparedness and response for public health emergencies was （ F = 4.07, P 〈 0.05 ）. And the economics was positive related with their response ability on public health emergencies（u = 19.38 ,P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion ：The rural residents＇ response ability on public health emergencies mainly manifested as insufficient risk consciousness and knowledge of public health.

关 键 词：农村 居民 突发公共卫生事件 应对能力 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]