开食料中玉米和全脂大豆的蒸汽压片或膨化处理对犊牛瘤胃挥发酸比例和细菌区系的影响  

Effect of Steam-Flaking or Extruded Corn and Full Fat Soybean in Starter on Ruminal VFA Ratio and Bacterial Ecosystem in Holstein Male Calves

作　　者：张元庆[1,2] 孟庆翔[2] 贺东昌[1] 杨效民[1] 王芳[1] 张红岗[1] 上官明军[1] 张变英[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,太原030032 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2010年第8期974-980,共7页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金(2010011040-4);山西省农业科学院博士研究基金(YBSJJ0901);国家支撑计划项目(2007BAD56B04;2006BAD29B05)

摘　　要：试验选用12头荷斯坦公犊((21±3)d)研究开食料中玉米和全脂大豆的蒸汽压片或膨化处理对犊牛瘤胃发酵和细菌区系的影响。犊牛随机分为3组,采食3种开食料。开食料原料组分相同,据其中玉米和大豆的加工方式分为3个处理组:膨化处理组(PCON)、蒸汽压片组(SFCS)及常规粉碎组(对照组,NCON)。试验期为10周,每周或每2周采集犊牛瘤胃液测定pH和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量及其组成,并用变性梯度凝胶电泳法(PCR-DGGE)测定细菌区系的组成。结果表明,瘤胃中总VFA浓度在第6和第9周受日粮中原料加工方式的影响,但未达显著水平(P>0.05)。SFCS组犊牛瘤胃中的丁酸摩尔比例在第5和第11周较其它2组犊牛高(P<0.05)。PCR-DGGE结果表明,3组犊牛瘤胃中的细菌种群随年龄增长的组成情况基本一致,但SFCS组犊牛瘤胃中细菌的组成较其他2组相对复杂。结果提示:与其它2组相比,蒸汽压片处理有助于犊牛瘤胃的发酵和发育。Experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion of different processing corn and full fat soybean in the starter diets on the rumen fermentation and the bacterial ecosystem in the rumen of Holstein calves.Holstein bull calves（n=12,（21±3） d） were blocked into 3 groups,and randomly assigned to receive a commercial pelleted starter containing either extruded corn and full fat soybean（PCON）,steam-flaking corn and full fat soybean（SFCS）,or ground corn and full fat soybeans（Control,NCON）,respectively.Experiment lasted for 10 weeks from week 3 to 13 of age.Rumen fluid was collected for one or two weeks interval for the determination of rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial composition.During 10 weeks of the trial,total rumen VFA concentration tended to be influenced by different processing methods at week 6 and 9（P〉0.05）.The molar proportion of butyrate for calves receiving SFCS starter diets was higher than those receiving PCON and NCON starter diets（P〈0.05） at week 5 and 11.The bacterial composition analyzed by PCR-DGGE method showed similar profile among three groups but more complexes for SFCS group.All of the results indicated that the rumen fermentation development of calves in SFCS group was better than those in other groups.

关 键 词：犊牛 蒸汽压片 瘤胃发酵 细菌区系 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S816.34[农业科学—畜牧兽医]