呼伦贝尔辉河水坝遗址的细石器工艺探讨  

A Study of Microlithic Technology from the Huiheshuiba Site, Hulun Boir Savanna Region in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：刘景芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《人类学学报》2010年第3期242-252,共11页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2007FY110200);中国社会科学院考古研究所史前研究室项目

摘　　要：辉河水坝遗址位于内蒙古呼伦贝尔市鄂温克旗,埋藏于辉河右岸第2级阶地,出土了罕见的人类居住遗迹、墓葬、篝火遗迹和由大量动物骨骼堆积的灰坑等,以及许多陶片和大量的石制品。本文研究了遗址中发现的4111件石制品,包括细石核、石片、石叶或细石叶及其进一步加工的各类工具。研究发现,不同类型的石制品揭示了其工具的完整制作过程,原料、类型与技术反映了其较为固定而典型的细石器生产工艺流程。这种细石器工艺在呼伦贝尔地区广泛分布,为研究草原地区早期人类文化的起源与发展、生态环境的演变以及与西伯利亚、蒙古国同期文化关系的对比提供了重要资料。The Huiheshuiba microlithic site is 33 km to the south of Hulun Boir City on the second terrace of the right bank of the Huihe River. In 2003 and 2004 survey and excavation, archaeologists unearthed a number of cultural remains including pottery fragments, animal bones and stone artifacts. Five different functional areas of the Neolithic Age cultural layers at the site were identified, including one living site, two fireplaces, and one pit filled with animal bones and a grave. Using the southern profile of pit T1 as an example, this pit is located in the northeastern area of the site with its well-preserved deposit 258 cm in thickness and with a cultural layer of 140 cm deep. The stratum can be divided into 7 layers ： Layers 1-4 consists of different coloured gray fine sands, 109-140 cm thick; Layer 5 has gray and black fine sands 21-28 cm thick, including Qidan cultural relics of the Liao Dynasty; Layer 6 has dust-coloured powder and fine sands 10-12 cm thick, with earlier cultural relics ; and Layer 7 consists of brown-gray power and fine sands 42-78 cm thick with cultural relics of Neolithic Age. The site was dated to 7750 ＋ 40 BP maximally using AMS of animal bones from the base of the living site （ dates provided by the C14 Laboratory of Peking University）. Most of the stone artifacts are diverse and include a number of fine microliths including microlithic cores, microblades and microlithic tools such as delicate arrowheads, scrapers, borers, knifes and carves made on microblades. Round-head scrapers are outstanding among these fine implements. By analyzing raw materials and the formal types and technology of these microliths, we can assess the manufacturing process of these tools, from preparing the cores by peeling off microblades and to repairing these tools with pressure technology. The stone industry at the Huiheshuiba site is different from other sites in the Hulun Boir savanna region, but is similar to some sites in Siberia, Russia, and the People＇s Republic of Mongolia. Thus, there a

关 键 词：细石器工艺 辉河水坝遗址 呼伦贝尔草原 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]