基于SWAT模型的温榆河流域非点源污染模拟与分析  

Simulation and analysis of non-point source pollution based on SWAT model for the Wenyu river basin

作　　者：唐莉华[1] 林文婧[1] 张思聪[1] 王培京[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水利水电工程系,水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]北京市水利科学研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2010年第4期6-13,共8页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(D0706006040391)

摘　　要：流域非点源污染是水体污染的重要来源之一。本文以北京境内的温榆河流域(北关闸以上)为研究区,建立了温榆河流域SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型。利用北关闸及沙河闸2004～2005年的实测月径流、泥沙、总氮及总磷等数据进行了模型的调参及验证。应用模型对不同水平年的径流、泥沙和非点源污染负荷进行了模拟计算,分析了流域内点源和非点源污染的贡献率,并重点对非点源污染的时空产输出特性进行了分析。结果表明,与点源污染比较,温榆河流域内的非点源污染贡献不大。对于非点源污染输出量,从时间分布看,汛期所占比例超过全年的90%;从空间分布来看,在沙河闸上游以林地为主要土地利用类型的区域非点源污染负荷模数较小,而以山区旱地为主要土地利用类型的非点源污染负荷模数较大。Non-point source is an important water pollution source.The present paper simulates and analyzes the non-point source pollution with a distributed hydrological SWAT（soil and water assessment tool） model for the Wenyu river basin in Beijing.This model is validated by using the observed data of monthly flow and the sediment and nutrient loadings（TN and TP） at the gauge stations of Beiguan Brake and Shahe Brake during 2004-2005,and then is applied to the simulation and analysis of the runoff and the sediment and nutrient transport of different hydrological years.This study focuses on the analysis of the temporal and spatial variations of non-point source pollution and the relative contribution of the point and non-point sources to the total loading.Results show that in the Wenyu river basin,the non-point source contribution is very small,and over 90 percent of sediment and nutrient loadings occurs in the flood season from June to September.In space,the loading is low in the upper Shahe basin where forest land dominates,while it is much higher in the mountainous regions.

关 键 词：环境水利 贡献率 SWAT模型 负荷模数 温榆河流域 

分 类 号：TV131[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]