青海察尔汗盐湖别勒滩区段固体钾盐液化前后物质组成对比及意义  

A comparative study of material composition of solid sylvite before and after liquefaction and its significance in Bieletan area of Qarhan salt lake,Qinghai,China

作　　者：李波涛[1] 赵元艺[2] 钱作华[2] 焦鹏程[2] 刘成林[2] 王石军 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学,北京100083 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [3]青海盐湖集团技术中心,青海格尔木816000

出　　处：《矿床地质》2010年第4期669-683,共15页Mineral Deposits

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题"青海别勒滩低品位固体钾盐液化开发的关键技术"(编号:2006AA06Z133);金土工程课题"我国钾盐资源潜力数据库建设"(编号:JTXM-DW-KZ4-04)的联合资助

摘　　要：察尔汗盐湖钾矿是中国最大的钾盐矿床,别勒滩位于察尔汗盐湖的最西端,目前正通过液化技术在别勒滩区段的固体钾盐层中提取钾资源。文章通过野外钻孔采集样品和室内系统的岩矿鉴定、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和化学成分分析,研究了含钾地层液化前、后的石盐和主要钾盐矿物的特征,对常量、微量元素进行了测定。得出的结论是:液化前和液化后主要钾盐矿物都是钾石盐、光卤石和杂卤石,其中杂卤石为最主要的钾盐矿物;液化前和液化后,富集程度高的微量元素为I、B和Li,可见别勒滩区段伴生元素I、B和Li具有开采潜力。通过计算得知此区段埋深22.42m以上液化前w(KCl)平均为2.15%,液化后w(KCl)平均为1.68%,计算预测溶出的KCl资源量约为5374万吨;埋深4.1m以上液化前w(KCl)平均为2.23%,液化后w(KCl)平均为1.71%,计算预测溶出的KCl资源量约为1087万吨,证明了液化法开采别勒滩地区固体钾盐经济可行。The Qarhan salt lake has the largest potassium reserves in China,and its westernmost end is Bieletan. At present,solid potassium resources are being extracted by liquefaction technology in Bieletan. This paper studied the characteristics of halite and sylvite minerals before and after liquefaction by such means as field sampling,indoor mineral identification,X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition analysis. As a result,the main and trace elements were determined. Some conclusions have been reached：The main sylvite minerals are potassium salt,carnallite and polyhalite,and the most important sylvite mineral is polyhalite; as for trace elements before and after liquefaction,the most enriched elements are I,B and Li,which suggests that these elements have potential exploitation value; calculations show that the average concentration is 2.15% before liquefaction and 1.68% after liquefaction,indicating that the dissolved potassium chloride resources amount to about 53.74 million tons above the depth of 22.42 m; the average concentration is 2.23% before liquefaction and 1.71% after liquefaction,implying that the dissolved potassium chloride resources reach 10.87 million tons or so above the depth 4.1 m,which also proves that the liquefaction technology is economical and workable in the exploitation of solid potassium in Bieletan area.

关 键 词：地球化学 固体钾盐 液化前 液化后 别勒滩 青海 

分 类 号：P619.211[天文地球—矿床学]