麦秆还田氮肥运筹对水稻产量及土壤氮素供应的影响  

Effects of Wheat Straw Returning and Nitrogen Application Model on Rice Yield and Soil Nitrogen Supply

作　　者：李勇[1] 曹红娣[1] 储亚云[1] 邓九胜[1] 朱荣松 朱彩云[1] 蒋新华[1] 白洁瑞[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省金坛市农林局土肥站,江苏金坛213200 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤》2010年第4期569-573,共5页Soils

基　　金：江苏省科技项目(BE2007356)资助

摘　　要：通过田间对比试验,研究了小麦秸秆全量还田后不同N肥运筹模式对水稻生长及土壤N素供应的影响。结果表明,小麦秸秆全量还田使水稻增产5.3%,且N肥运筹模式由传统模式A(基蘖肥:穗肥=5:5,基肥:分蘖肥=6:4)优化为B(基蘖肥:穗肥=6.5:3.5,基肥:分蘖肥=8:2)时,增产幅度更大,达9.3%。秸秆全量还田主要通过提高水稻结实率和成穗率,增加有效穗数,实现水稻增产。秸秆还田影响了水稻生长进程,表现为抑制水稻前期(孕穗期)生长和N素累积,而促进后期生物量增加和N素累积。同一时期,N肥模式B水稻生物量、N素累积量均高于模式A。秸秆全量还田后,土壤矿质N发生变化,水稻生育前期较不还田处理(CK)低,而后期较CK高,且N肥运筹模式B较A高。秸秆还田提高了N肥利用率,RNA、RNB分别比CK增加4.1和8.6个百分点,且土壤N素表观盈余量表现为:RNB<RNA<CK。因而,小麦秸秆全量还田,并采用N肥运筹模式B,是实现水稻高产,维持土壤N素平衡的有效措施。In order to provide a theoretical basis for total wheat straw returning on rice production, a field experiment was conducted to study the differences of rice yield and soil nitrogen supply under different nitrogen application models after total straw returning. Nitrogen application model A was the traditional fertilization method, nitrogen application model B was the optimum model of A. Nitrogen quantity between basic tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer, base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer in model A were 5：5 and 6：4, while B were 6.5：3,5 and 8：2, respectively. Results showed that total wheat straw returning significantly increased rice yield, and model B had a higher production rate than model A, 9.3% and 5.3% higher than CK, respectively. Straw returning increased rice yield mainly by promoting seed-setting rate, spike-formed rate and effective panicles. Compared with CK, straw returning treatments inhibited before booting stage but promoted after booting stage the rice growth and nitrogen accumulation. Nitrogen application model B had higher rice biomass and nitrogen accumulation than model A at same rice growth period. According to soil mineral nitrogen dynamics, straw returning treatments decreased before rice booting stage but improved after booting stage the mineral nitrogen contents, and with model B of higher contents than model A at the same rice growth period. Straw returning significantly increased nitrogen recovery efficiency, RNA and RNBwere 9.3 and 5.3 percentage point higher than CK, respectively. Soil nitrogen apparent budgets were presented as RNB〈RNA〈CK. Therefore, total wheat straw returning with nitrogen application model B was an effective measure for promoting rice high yield and keeping soil nitrogen balance.

关 键 词：小麦秸秆全量还田 氮肥运筹 土壤矿质氮 土壤氮素表观盈亏 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]