高校宿舍建筑火灾场景人员疏散模拟研究  

Study on simulation of fire evacuation scenarios in university dormitory

作　　者：张建文[1] 张岚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学安全管理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2010年第4期133-136,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：北京市优秀人才培养项目(2007ZG-68)

摘　　要：采用Building Exodus 4.0模拟软件,研究了某校园宿舍建筑火灾场景下的出口宽度,可用出口数目,可用疏散楼梯数目以及人员对出口的熟悉程度等对疏散的影响规律。结果表明,在出口宽度到达某一阈值前,所需疏散时间随其增加而减少,超过该阈值之后,继续增加宽度对所需疏散时间影响甚微;随着可用出口和疏散楼梯数目的增加,所需疏散时间逐渐减少;人员对出口越熟悉,所需疏散时间越短。In recent years, more stringent regulations on fire safety and safety management are implemented in Chinese universities campuses especially the dormitory areas. In this paper, a university dormitory is used as the research object and Building Exodus 4.0 is used to study the influence of different factors on the evacuation performance. The factors include the exit widths, the number of available exits, the available staircases and the familiarity of the residents to the availability of the exits during the evacuation process. By carrying out the deliberate simulations, it is found that these factors mentioned above significantly impact on the time required for successful evacuation. The evacuation time gradually decreases with the increase of the exit widths. However, when the width of the exit reaches a certain threshold, the time to successfully evacuate will not change significantly. The time required by residents to evacuate reduces when the number of available exits increases. Similarly, the number of available staircases also imposes a significant influence to the time required for evacuation. The more the number of available staircases are, the more it would be helpful for the residents to evacuate. It is also clear that the familiarity of the residents to the exits affects the evacuation process. The increased familiarity can certainly shorten the time required for evacuation. Related aspects on safety management are discussed furthermore and pertinent suggestions are proposed according to the results of study, which might provide guidance for the fire safety management in university campus. The staffs should make great efforts to enhance the fire safety facilities, promote the awareness on fire safety and prevent blocking of the exits and evacuation paths.

关 键 词：安全管理工程 校园火灾 Building EXODUS 影响因素 

分 类 号：X928.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学]