垫水层对油池火燃烧特性影响的试验研究  

Effects of water sublayer on burning characteristic of pool fires

作　　者：康泉胜[1] 陆守香[1] 陈兵[1] 周劼波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230027

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2010年第4期171-175,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：研究垫水层对小尺度油池火燃烧特性的影响。分别测量在有、无垫水层情况下,正庚烷和航空煤油(RP-5)池火燃烧过程中质量损失速率及温度分布随时间的变化特征,同时通过摄像机记录油池燃烧过程中发生的现象。结果表明,垫水层对不同沸点燃料池火的燃烧发展过程及质量损失速率的影响截然不同。当无垫水层时,由于池壁温度超过燃料沸点,庚烷池火发生沸腾燃烧现象;而航空煤油沸点较高,燃烧过程中没有发生沸腾现象。当有垫水层存在时,由于油水界面温度超过水的沸点,沸点较高的航空煤油池火发生薄层喷溅现象;由于庚烷沸点低于水,庚烷垫水池火燃烧过程比较平稳,只发生了局部溅射现象。The effects of water sublayer on small scale pool fires were studied experimentally. N-heptane and aviation fuel （RP5） were applied as fuel, and the variation of mass loss rate and temperature distribution of pools during combustion process was measured, under the conditions with and without water sublayer. Digital camera was employed to record combustion phenomenon of pool fires during the tests. Results show that the effects of water sublayer on pool fires with different fuel boiling points are quite distinct. Based on the experimental data and phenomenologieal analysis, the combustion process of heptane pool fires without water sublayer can be divided into four typical burning phases, which include pre-burning, quasi-steady state burning, boiling burning and decaying phases. Due to higher boiling point, boiling burning phenomenon does not occur in aviation fuel pool fires. Once there is a water sublayer beneath fuel layer, boilover will occur provided the temperature at fueL/water interface exceeds the boiling point of water, which will emerge the nucleation boiling of water at the fuel/water interface. Consequently, when burning with water sublayer, boilover occurs in aviation fuel pool fires rather than in heptane pool fires. The aviation fuel has much higher boiling point than water. The buming rate of heptane pool fire with water sublayer is slightly lower than that of without water sublayer and aviation fuel pool fire＇s burning rate is greatly increased due to the boilover when buming spilled on water happened.

关 键 词：安全工程 油池火 垫水层 沸点 沸腾燃烧 薄层喷溅 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]